Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the use of the Present Perfect Continuous:

   • Ability to identify the context in which this tense is used.
   • Ability to form sentences in the Present Perfect Continuous, both in affirmative, negative, and interrogative.

2. Apply the Present Perfect Continuous in practical situations:

   • Students should be able to use the tense in sentences, short texts, or dialogues, demonstrating understanding of its use.

3. Differentiate the Present Perfect Continuous from other verb tenses:

   • Develop the ability to distinguish the Present Perfect Continuous from other similar verb tenses, such as the Simple Present and the Present Perfect.

Secondary Objectives:

• Promote the practice of the English language:

  • Encourage conversation in English during the class, using the Present Perfect Continuous in real situations.

• Encourage autonomous study:

  • Provide additional study materials for students to review and practice the content at home.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content:

   • The teacher should start the class by reminding students of the basic concepts of verb tenses in English, such as the Simple Present and the Present Perfect. This review can be done through direct questions to the students or through a brief presentation of the content. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-Solving Situations:

   • The teacher can present two problematic situations involving the use of the Present Perfect Continuous. For example, one could propose the following question: "How would you describe an action that started in the past, continues in the present, and will likely continue in the future?" Or, "How would you express an action that occurred at a non-specific time in the past and is relevant in the present?" (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization:

   • The teacher should explain the importance of the Present Perfect Continuous in the everyday use of the English language. It can be mentioned that this tense is frequently used to talk about life experiences, actions that started in the past and continue in the present, and to describe situations that have occurred recently. Examples of how the Present Perfect Continuous is used in news, movies, music, and books can also be given. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic:

   • The teacher should introduce the topic in a way that captures the students' attention. Curiosities about the Present Perfect Continuous can be mentioned, such as the fact that it is not used in the Portuguese language, or that it is often confused with the Present Perfect. Additionally, a challenge can be presented to the students, such as the proposal that they try to form a sentence in the Present Perfect Continuous without looking at their books or notes. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory:

   • Definition of the Present Perfect Continuous (5 - 7 minutes)
     1. The teacher should start by explaining that the Present Perfect Continuous is a tense that describes an action that started in the past, continues in the present, and will likely continue in the future.
     2. It should be emphasized that, like the Present Perfect, this tense is used to talk about life experiences, actions that started in the past and continue in the present, and to describe situations that have occurred recently, but with the addition that the action is ongoing.
     3. The teacher should highlight that, unlike in Portuguese, the Present Perfect Continuous is widely used in the English language.
   • Formation of the Present Perfect Continuous (5 - 7 minutes)
     1. The teacher should explain that to form the Present Perfect Continuous, we use the present of the verb 'to have' (have/has) followed by the main verb in the past participle (gerund) and the suffix -ing (which indicates that the action is still ongoing).
     2. Examples should be given, such as: "I have been studying for hours" or "She has been working here since last year".
     3. The teacher should point out that when the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it', the verb 'to have' is changed to 'has'.
   • Differentiation of the Present Perfect Continuous from other verb tenses (5 - 7 minutes)
     1. The teacher should clarify that the Present Perfect Continuous is similar to the Present Perfect, but with the difference that the Present Perfect Continuous indicates an action that is ongoing, while the Present Perfect indicates an action that was completed at some point in the past.
     2. The teacher should also reinforce the difference between the Present Perfect Continuous and the Simple Present, which is a verb tense used to talk about habitual actions or universal truths.

2. Practice:

   • Gap-Filling Exercises (5 - 7 minutes)
     1. The teacher should provide students with a series of incomplete sentences in the Present Perfect Continuous, and students should fill in the gaps with the correct verb in the past participle and the -ing suffix.
     2. After the completion of the exercises, the teacher should correct them together with the class, explaining the reasoning behind each correct answer.
   • Sentence Transformation Exercises (5 - 7 minutes)
     1. The teacher should provide students with a series of sentences in the Present Perfect or Simple Present, and students should transform them into the Present Perfect Continuous.
     2. The teacher should correct the exercises together with the class, reinforcing the rules for forming the Present Perfect Continuous.

3. Discussion:

   • The teacher should promote a classroom discussion about the use of the Present Perfect Continuous in everyday situations. Students can be asked to share examples of how this tense is used in movies, music, books, news, etc. (3 - 5 minutes)

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Review and Reflection (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should briefly review the main points discussed in the class, reinforcing the definition of the Present Perfect Continuous, its formation, and use.
   • Then, the teacher should propose that students reflect on what they have learned. Questions like, "What was the most important concept learned today?" or "What questions have not been answered yet?" can be asked. This reflection is important to help students consolidate what they have learned and identify any gaps in their understanding.

2. Connection to Practice (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should make the connection between theory and practice, emphasizing how the knowledge acquired about the Present Perfect Continuous can be applied in real situations. For example, discussing how this tense can be useful for describing life experiences, ongoing actions, and recent situations in the context of English conversation.
   • The teacher should also reinforce the importance of continuous practice of the Present Perfect Continuous, suggesting that students use this tense in their daily English conversations or writing activities.

3. Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of the Present Perfect Continuous. These materials may include language learning websites, English study apps, English textbooks, among others.
   • The teacher can also encourage students to review the class content by watching educational videos about the Present Perfect Continuous or doing interactive exercises online.

4. Feedback (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should ask for feedback from students about the class, inquiring about what they liked the most and what they found most challenging. This information can be useful for the teacher to adjust their future classes and address any areas of difficulty students may have.
   • Additionally, the teacher can use this moment to clarify any remaining doubts and provide additional guidance, if necessary.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should summarize the main points covered during the class, reinforcing the definition of the Present Perfect Continuous, its formation, and use.
   • It should be reminded that this tense is used to describe actions that started in the past, continue in the present, and will likely continue in the future, with the addition that the action is ongoing.
   • The teacher should also recap the difference between the Present Perfect Continuous and other similar verb tenses, such as the Present Perfect and the Simple Present.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should reinforce how the class connected the theory of the Present Perfect Continuous with practice, through gap-filling and sentence transformation exercises.
   • It should also be highlighted how the knowledge acquired about the Present Perfect Continuous can be applied in everyday situations, such as in English conversations, reading texts, listening to music, and watching movies and news in English.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should remind students that additional materials for studying the Present Perfect Continuous were suggested, such as language learning websites, English study apps, English textbooks, among others.
   • It should be emphasized that review and autonomous practice are essential for knowledge consolidation.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes)

   • In conclusion, the teacher should reiterate the importance of the Present Perfect Continuous in the everyday use of the English language, highlighting that this tense is frequently used to talk about life experiences, actions that started in the past and continue in the present, and to describe situations that have occurred recently.
   • The teacher should encourage students to observe and practice the use of the Present Perfect Continuous in different contexts, in order to internalize its use naturally and efficiently.
   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize that mastering the Present Perfect Continuous contributes to fluency in the English language and to the understanding of a variety of texts and speeches.