Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand natural phenomena as processes that occur in nature without direct human interference.
2. Identify and differentiate the main natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, cyclones, among others, in terms of their characteristics, causes, and effects.
3. Develop the ability to relate natural phenomena to the environment and human life, recognizing the importance of studying these phenomena for disaster prevention and planet preservation.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulate critical thinking and scientific curiosity, promoting investigation and autonomous research on natural phenomena.
• Encourage group discussion and exchange of ideas, fostering communication skills and respect for divergent opinions.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher starts the lesson by reviewing basic concepts about nature and the different elements that compose it, such as climate, relief, oceans, atmosphere, etc. He can ask students questions to assess prior knowledge and engage them in the lesson.

2. Problem Situations (4 - 5 minutes): The teacher proposes two problem situations involving natural phenomena. For example, he may ask: "What could cause the formation of a tsunami?" or "How does an erupting volcano affect local and global climate?" These questions serve to arouse students' interest and introduce the topic in a contextualized way.

3. Subject Contextualization (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher then explains the importance of studying natural phenomena, relating them to everyday situations and environmental preservation. For instance, he may mention how understanding cyclones and hurricanes helps in natural disaster prevention, or how studying volcanic eruptions contributes to predicting seismic activities.

4. Topic Introduction (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher introduces the topic of natural phenomena in an engaging way, presenting curiosities and interesting facts. For example, he can recount how the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano in 1883 was so powerful that it became the most devastating explosion in modern history, or how the dust storm known as the "Dust Bowl" in the United States in the 1930s caused significant damage to agriculture and human health.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Role-Playing Activity: "The Council of Natural Phenomena" (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher divides the class into groups of five students and explains that each group will be a "Council of Natural Phenomena," responsible for presenting and defending a specific natural phenomenon (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, cyclones, etc.). Each group must research the assigned phenomenon, considering its characteristics, causes, effects, and how they affect the environment and human life.

   • The teacher provides resources (books, online materials, etc.) for research, and students have a set time to prepare their presentation.
   • After preparation, each "Council" must make its presentation, explaining the phenomenon they studied and arguing about its importance and impact. Other students can ask questions and make comments, thus promoting debate and idea exchange.

2. Practical Activity: "Modeling a Natural Phenomenon" (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher provides students with materials (clay, paper, glue, toothpicks, etc.) and instructs them to create a three-dimensional model of a natural phenomenon of their choice.

   • Students can choose to represent an earthquake, a volcanic eruption, a storm, a cyclone, or any other phenomenon they are interested in.
   • During the model creation, students should discuss in their groups about the characteristics of the phenomenon they are representing, how it is formed, what its main parts are, etc.
   • After completing the models, each group presents their work to the class, explaining the characteristics of the phenomenon they represented and how the model was built.

3. Discussion and Reflection (3 - 5 minutes): After the presentations, the teacher leads a class discussion to review what was learned. He can ask questions like: "What were the similarities and differences between the phenomena you researched?", "How are the natural phenomena we studied related to human life and the environment?", "How can the study of these phenomena contribute to disaster prevention and planet preservation?".

   • The teacher should encourage students to express their opinions and relate what they learned to their experiences and previous knowledge.
   • He should also reinforce key concepts and clarify any doubts students may have.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher gathers all students and invites each group to share the solutions or conclusions found during the activities. Each group will have up to 2 minutes to present. During the presentations, the teacher should ensure that all students are listening and paying attention. After each presentation, the teacher can ask questions to stimulate reflection and debate.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes): Based on the groups' presentations, the teacher revisits the theoretical concepts presented in the lesson's Introduction and connects them with the practical activities carried out. For example, he can highlight how the three-dimensional modeling of natural phenomena helped students better understand their characteristics and processes. Additionally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of studying natural phenomena for disaster prevention and environmental preservation.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher suggests that students reflect for a minute on the following questions:

   1. What was the most important concept learned today?

   2. What questions have not been answered yet?

   • After the minute of reflection, the teacher invites some students to share their answers with the class. He should listen attentively to students' responses and, if necessary, clarify any remaining doubts. This moment of reflection is crucial for students to consolidate what they have learned and identify any gaps in their understanding.

4. Teacher's Feedback (1 minute): Finally, the teacher gives overall feedback on the lesson, praising students' efforts, highlighting the strengths of the lesson, and suggesting areas that can be improved. He also informs students about what will be covered in the next lesson, so they can prepare adequately.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher starts the Conclusion by recalling the main points covered during the lesson. He should recap the different types of natural phenomena studied, their characteristics, causes, and effects. Additionally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of studying these phenomena for disaster prevention and environmental preservation.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher explains how the lesson connected theory, practice, and real-world applications. He can mention how the three-dimensional modeling helped visualize and better understand natural phenomena, and how group presentations and discussions allowed students to apply their knowledge and develop communication and argumentation skills.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute): The teacher suggests extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of natural phenomena. These materials may include documentaries, scientific articles, websites of research institutions and natural phenomena monitoring, among others.

4. Everyday Applications (1 minute): Finally, the teacher highlights how the knowledge acquired in the lesson can be applied in everyday life. For example, he can mention how understanding storm cycles can help in weather forecasting, or how understanding earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can contribute to safety in areas prone to these phenomena.

5. Closure (1 minute): The teacher concludes the lesson by reinforcing the importance of continuous study and scientific curiosity. He should encourage students to continue researching and exploring the world of natural phenomena. Additionally, the teacher should remind students about the next lesson and what will be covered.