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Question bank: Genetics: Introduction

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Question 1:

Medium

Genetics is a branch of Biology that studies heredity and how traits are passed down from generation to generation. In this context, what is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genetics: Introduction
Question 2:

Medium

Genetics is the field of biology that studies heredity and variation of organisms, aiming to understand how characteristics are passed down from generation to generation. Among the basic concepts of genetics, it is important to know the difference between genotype, phenotype, and the characteristics of diploid and haploid cells. Based on this introduction, what is the correct alternative regarding the definition of genotype and phenotype?
Genetics: Introduction
Question 3:

Medium

Genetics has been widely used in agriculture because it allows the selection of individuals with desired characteristics for agricultural production. A technique widely used in this context is genetic improvement, which consists of manipulating genetic information to obtain plants with greater resistance to diseases or higher productivity. What is the main objective of genetic improvement?
Genetics: Introduction
Question 4:

Hard

Some cases of congenital characteristics are caused by spontaneous mutations in genes, without the influence of common external factors, such as the mutations causing Down Syndrome or Turner Syndrome. What is a spontaneous mutation?
Genetics: Introduction
Question 5:

Easy

During a genetics study in the laboratory, a group of high school students observed samples of cells from a plant. They identified that the cells of the flower calyx were diploid, containing 14 homologous chromosomes. After a process of cell division, they found that the resulting cells contained 7 single chromosomes. Considering this information and the plant's life cycle, discuss: 1) How can meiosis and fertilization explain the difference in the number of chromosomes between the calyx cells and the resulting cells from the observed cell division. 2) How can genetic variation be influenced by the process of independent segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. Differentiate, based on the provided information, genotype from phenotype and explain the relationship between them in determining the plant's characteristics.
Genetics: Introduction
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