(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of Chemistry

In line with what is mentioned in text I, also from the perspective of thermodynamics, non-spontaneous work must be done to combat disorder. Chemical systems that exploit oxidation-reduction reactions can perform spontaneous or non-spontaneous work. Regarding chemical reactions in batteries and in electrolysis processes of aqueous solutions and molten compounds, choose the correct alternative.

Organic halides are compounds that have a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I) bonded to a carbon atom belonging to a carbon chain. Their nomenclature depends on the rules established for organic compounds and is important for their identification and study. a) Given the compound 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, identify the functional groups present and write its structural formula. b) From the structural formula, simplify the representation (line formula) of the compound. c) Write the IUPAC nomenclature for the compound with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2Br.

Identify the organic function present in the ester of molecular formula C4H8O2 that is responsible for the aroma of a fruit. Consider that the ester has a carbon chain of 3 carbon atoms and a radical from a monocarboxylic acid of general formula CnH2nO2. Name the monocarboxylic acid and the alcohol used in the synthesis of this ester, following the IUPAC nomenclature rules for organic compounds. Justify the choice of the acid and the alcohol based on the structure and the desired aroma.

It is known that acetone is a type of ketone widely used as a solvent in the industry, mainly for the production of plastics, paints, and varnishes. Furthermore, studies show that its use can pose risks to human health and the environment. Considering the context, answer: a) Describe the general structure of a ketone and what sets it apart from other functional groups. b) Identify and explain some of the risks associated with exposure to acetone for health and the environment. c) Propose individual and collective measures that can be adopted to reduce the negative impacts caused by the responsible use and disposal of acetone.