Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Basic Subtraction Facts

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to establish a clear and solid foundation for understanding the basic facts of subtraction. By understanding simple differences, students will be better prepared to perform more complex subtraction operations in the future. This stage is crucial to ensure that all students are on the same page and have the fundamental knowledge necessary to advance in the topic.

Main Objectives

1. Understand that basic facts of subtraction are simple differences that form the basis for all other subtraction operations.

2. Perform basic subtraction operations, such as 6-3=3.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

 Purpose: The purpose of this stage is to establish a clear and solid foundation for understanding the basic facts of subtraction. By understanding simple differences, students will be better prepared to perform more complex subtraction operations in the future. This stage is crucial to ensure that all students are on the same page and have the fundamental knowledge necessary to advance in the topic.

Context

 Context: To start the lesson on basic facts of subtraction, begin by explaining that subtraction is an essential mathematical operation that we use in our daily lives. Give simple everyday examples, such as when we have 5 apples and eat 2, how many apples are left? Or when we have 10 pencils and lend 3 to a friend, how many do we still have? These examples help to contextualize the importance of subtraction in a concrete and accessible way for students.

Curiosities

 Curiosity: Did you know that subtraction is a skill we use all the time without realizing it? When we play board games and count how many steps are left to the finish line, or when we are cooking and need to measure ingredients, we are using subtraction! Even in sports, like soccer, when we try to figure out how many goals our team needs to score to win the game, we are performing subtraction operations.

Development

Duration: (40 - 50 minutes)

 Purpose: The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' understanding of the basic facts of subtraction. Through detailed explanations, practical examples, and guided problem-solving, students will be able to internalize the concept of subtraction clearly and practically. This stage also aims to ensure that students can apply the basic facts in everyday situations and in more complex mathematical problems in the future.

Covered Topics

1.  What is subtraction: Explain that subtraction is a mathematical operation that serves to find the difference between two numbers. Highlight that it is used to take one quantity from another. 2.  Subtraction symbol: Show the subtraction symbol (-) and explain that it indicates that we should subtract one number from another. 3.  Basic facts of subtraction: Discuss the importance of knowing the basic facts of subtraction, such as 1-1, 2-1, 3-2, etc. These facts are fundamental for solving larger problems. 4.  Practical Examples: Perform practical examples with students, such as 6-3=3, 5-2=3, 4-1=3. Ask them to write down the examples and practice along with you. 5.  Use of concrete materials: Use concrete materials, such as blocks or drawings, so that students can visualize subtraction in a practical way. For example, start with 5 blocks, take away 2, and count how many are left.

Classroom Questions

1. If you have 7 candies and give 3 to a friend, how many candies do you still have? 2. If you had 10 pencils and lost 4, how many pencils do you have now? 3. What is the difference between 8 and 5?

Questions Discussion

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

 Purpose: The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate students' learning of the basic facts of subtraction. By discussing resolved questions and engaging students in reflections, the teacher ensures that the students deeply understand the content, identify possible difficulties, and reinforce their knowledge collaboratively.

Discussion

•  Discussion of the Questions:

• If you have 7 candies and give 3 to a friend, how many candies do you still have?

• Explanation: Start with 7 candies. When you give 3 candies to your friend, you subtract 3 from 7. That results in 4 remaining candies. Therefore, 7 - 3 = 4.

• If you had 10 pencils and lost 4, how many pencils do you have now?

• Explanation: Start with 10 pencils. If you lose 4, you subtract 4 from 10. That results in 6 remaining pencils. Therefore, 10 - 4 = 6.

• What is the difference between 8 and 5?

• Explanation: To find the difference between 8 and 5, subtract 5 from 8. That results in 3. Therefore, 8 - 5 = 3.

Student Engagement

1. 樂 Student Engagement: 2. Did you find it easy or difficult to solve these questions? Why? 3. Can someone provide another example of subtraction using objects that you have at home? 4. How do you think subtraction can help in daily life? 5. Can anyone explain how they solved one of the questions to the class? 6. Did you notice any patterns in the results of the subtractions we performed?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate students' learning, ensuring that they deeply understand the basic facts of subtraction and feel confident applying them in different contexts. This final review reinforces the concepts taught and ensures that all students have assimilated the content clearly and practically.

Summary

• Subtraction is a mathematical operation used to find the difference between two numbers.
• The subtraction symbol is (-) and indicates that we should subtract one number from another.
• Knowing the basic facts of subtraction, such as 1-1, 2-1, 3-2, is fundamental for solving larger problems.
• Practical examples of subtraction include 6-3=3, 5-2=3, 4-1=3.
• Using concrete materials such as blocks or drawings helps visualize subtraction practically.

The lesson connected theory with practice by using everyday examples, such as apples and pencils, and by employing concrete materials to illustrate subtraction. This allowed students to see how subtraction is applied in real situations and better understand the theoretical concepts presented.

Understanding subtraction is crucial for daily life, as this mathematical operation is used in various situations, such as calculating change, measuring ingredients in recipes, and even planning how many steps are needed in a game. Knowing the basic facts of subtraction makes life easier for students both in school and outside of it.