Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Multiplication by 2, 3, 4, and 5

Objectives

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to ensure that students understand the importance and relevance of multiplication by 2, 3, 4, and 5. By introducing the objectives clearly and in detail, students will have an overview of what will be learned and will be better prepared to absorb the content throughout the lesson.

Main Objectives

1. Perform the operation of multiplying numbers by 2, 3, 4, and 5.

2. Solve problems that require multiplying numbers by 2, 3, 4, and 5.

Introduction

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to ensure that students understand the importance and relevance of multiplication by 2, 3, 4, and 5. By introducing the objectives clearly and in detail, students will have an overview of what will be learned and will be better prepared to absorb the content throughout the lesson.

Context

To start the lesson on multiplication by 2, 3, 4, and 5, begin by explaining to the students that multiplication is a form of repeated addition. For example, when we multiply 2 by 3, we are adding 2 three times (2 + 2 + 2). This concept is fundamental for students to understand how multiplication works and how it can be applied in different everyday situations. Use simple examples, such as counting pairs of shoes or groups of pencils, to illustrate how multiplication facilitates counting and organization.

Curiosities

Did you know that multiplication is used in many situations in our daily lives? For example, when cooking, if a recipe calls for 2 cups of flour for each cake and you want to make 3 cakes, you will need 2 x 3 = 6 cups of flour! Additionally, in board games, we often need to multiply to calculate points. Multiplication helps solve problems quickly and efficiently.

Development

Duration: 50 to 60 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to provide a practical and detailed understanding of multiplication by 2, 3, 4, and 5. By addressing each multiplication in a visual and practical manner, students can internalize the concepts and apply them in different contexts. The practical questions allow students to apply what they have learned immediately, reinforcing their understanding through practice.

Covered Topics

1. Multiplication by 2 ‍♂️: Explain that multiplying by 2 means adding the number to itself. For example, 2 x 3 is equal to 3 + 3. Give examples like 2 x 4 = 8 and 2 x 5 = 10. Use physical objects like pencils or blocks to demonstrate. 2. Multiplication by 3 ‍‍: Explain that multiplying by 3 means adding the number to itself three times. For example, 3 x 3 is equal to 3 + 3 + 3. Give examples like 3 x 4 = 12 and 3 x 5 = 15. Use groupings of objects for visualization. 3. Multiplication by 4 : Explain that multiplying by 4 means adding the number to itself four times. For example, 4 x 3 is equal to 3 + 3 + 3 + 3. Give examples like 4 x 4 = 16 and 4 x 5 = 20. Show how doubling the results of multiplying by 2 can help (2 x 3 = 6, so 4 x 3 = 6 + 6). 4. Multiplication by 5 ️: Explain that multiplying by 5 means adding the number to itself five times. For example, 5 x 3 is equal to 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3. Give examples like 5 x 4 = 20 and 5 x 5 = 25. Use counting with fingers to facilitate understanding.

Classroom Questions

1. How many pairs of shoes (2 shoes per pair) would you have if you had 4 pairs? 2. If you have 3 boxes and each box contains 4 pencils, how many pencils do you have in total? 3. You have 5 bags of candy, and each bag contains 3 candies. How many candies do you have in total?

Questions Discussion

Duration: 20 to 25 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate students' understanding of multiplication by 2, 3, 4, and 5. By discussing the answers to the presented questions, students can clarify doubts and reinforce their understanding of the learned concepts. Interaction and engagement foster a collaborative and dynamic environment, making learning more effective.

Discussion

• Explain that, for the question about pairs of shoes, if we have 4 pairs and each pair has 2 shoes, we need to multiply 4 by 2. Thus, 4 x 2 = 8, so there are 8 shoes in total.

• For the question about the pencils in the boxes, if we have 3 boxes and each box contains 4 pencils, we multiply 3 by 4. Therefore, 3 x 4 = 12, so there are 12 pencils altogether.

• In the question about the candies, if we have 5 bags and each bag contains 3 candies, we multiply 5 by 3. Thus, 5 x 3 = 15, so there are 15 candies in total.

Student Engagement

1. How many shoes would you have if you had 5 pairs? 2. If you had 4 boxes and each box had 6 pencils, how many pencils would you have? 3. If you had 6 bags of candy and each bag had 4 candies, how many candies would you have in total? 4. How can you use multiplication to find out how many fingers there are in 4 hands? 5. If each student in the class has 2 notebooks and there are 7 students, how many notebooks are there in total?

Conclusion

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate the key points discussed, connecting theory to practice and highlighting the importance of the content in students' daily lives. This final review provides an opportunity to reinforce learning and ensure that all students have understood the presented concepts.

Summary

• Multiplication is a form of repeated addition.
• Multiplying by 2 is the same as adding the number to itself two times.
• Multiplying by 3 is the same as adding the number to itself three times.
• Multiplying by 4 is the same as adding the number to itself four times.
• Multiplying by 5 is the same as adding the number to itself five times.
• Multiplication facilitates counting and organization in different everyday situations.

The lesson connected theory with practice by using everyday examples and physical objects to demonstrate multiplication by 2, 3, 4, and 5. Students were guided through practical problems and questions that reinforced the application of the learned concepts, making mathematics more tangible and understandable.

Multiplication is an essential skill for everyday life, used in various activities such as cooking, organizing items, and playing games. Understanding multiplication helps students solve problems quickly and efficiently, in addition to developing logical skills and mathematical reasoning.