Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concepts of multiplication and division: Students should be able to understand what multiplication and division are, and how these two concepts are related. The teacher should explain in a clear and simple way, using practical examples from students' daily lives.

2. Solve multiplication and division problems: Students should be able to apply the concepts learned to solve multiplication and division problems. The teacher should propose challenging problem situations, but suitable for the students' age group, so they can practice and deepen their understanding.

3. Develop logical and critical thinking skills: Through problem-solving, students should be encouraged to develop logical and critical thinking skills. The teacher should propose questions that stimulate students to think independently and apply their understanding of multiplication and division in a creative way.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Content Review: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the concepts of addition and subtraction, which should be well consolidated in the students. Quick review activities can be proposed, such as mentally solving some simple additions and subtractions.

2. Initial Problem Situations: To introduce the lesson's theme, the teacher can present two problem situations:

   • Situation 1: 'Imagine you have 3 bags with 5 candies each. How many candies do you have in total?'
   • Situation 2: 'Now, imagine you have 15 candies and want to divide them equally among your 3 friends. How many candies will each one receive?'

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain that multiplication and division are mathematical operations we use in our daily lives, in situations like sharing toys, dividing food, calculating the total amount of money in a collection, among others.

4. Capturing Students' Attention: The teacher can then present two curiosities or interesting facts about multiplication and division:

   • Curiosity 1: 'Did you know that multiplication is like repeated addition? For example, 3 x 4 is equal to 4 + 4 + 4, which is 12.'
   • Curiosity 2: 'And division, did you know it is like repeated subtraction? For example, 12 ÷ 4 is equal to 12 - 4 - 4 - 4, which is 3.'

5. Topic Presentation: Finally, the teacher should introduce the lesson's topic, explaining that the students will learn to solve multiplication and division problems in a practical and fun way. The teacher can emphasize that mathematics is a powerful tool that helps us solve problems and better understand the world around us.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. 'Multiplication Race' (8 - 10 minutes):

   • The teacher distributes a sheet of paper and a pencil to each student, and divides the class into groups of 3 to 5 students.
   • Each group receives a list of multiplication problems to be solved as a team. The problems should be suitable for the students' level (for example, 2 x 3, 4 x 5, 6 x 2, 10 x 3, etc.).
   • The teacher starts the game by calling one student from each group to solve one of the problems on the board. The student who solves correctly and faster scores a point for their team.
   • The game continues until all problems are solved. The team with the most points at the end is the winner.
   • This game helps reinforce the concepts of multiplication, as well as promote teamwork and healthy competition.

2. 'Division Treasure Hunt' (8 - 10 minutes):

   • The teacher hides cards with written divisions around the classroom (for example, 12 ÷ 2, 15 ÷ 3, 18 ÷ 6, etc.).
   • In groups, students must search for these cards and solve the divisions. They should record the answers on a sheet.
   • When finding all the cards, the group should check their answers with the teacher. If all are correct, the group wins a small prize (such as a sticker or a candy).
   • This game helps reinforce the concept of division, as well as develop research and problemsolving skills.

3. 'Team Problem-solving Session' (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher proposes a multiplication or division problem to the class, and students discuss in their groups the best way to solve it.
   • After a set time, each group presents their solution to the class, explaining the reasoning used.
   • The teacher then discusses the solution, highlighting the strengths of each approach and correcting any mistakes.
   • This activity helps consolidate learning, encourages active student participation, and develops communication and argumentation skills.

4. 'Math Memory Game' (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher prepares cards with pairs of numbers related by a multiplication or division operation (for example, 2 and 4, 3 and 9, 5 and 25, 8 and 2, etc.).
   • The cards are shuffled and placed face down on the table.
   • Students take turns flipping two cards at a time. If the cards form a pair related by multiplication or division, the student keeps the cards and earns a point. If they do not form a pair, the cards are turned face down again.
   • The game continues until all cards have been flipped. The student with the most points at the end is the winner.
   • This activity helps consolidate learning in a playful way, as well as develop students' memory and concentration.

These are suggestions for practical and fun activities that can be carried out during the lesson to teach and reinforce the concepts of multiplication and division. The teacher can choose one or more activities, depending on the available time and the needs of the class. In all activities, the teacher should be attentive to guide and assist students, ensuring they understand the concepts and can apply them correctly.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes):

   • The teacher should gather all students in a large circle and start a discussion about the solutions found for the problems proposed during the lesson.
   • Each group should share a solution they found interesting or different. The teacher should encourage students to explain the reasoning behind their solutions and listen carefully to their classmates' solutions.
   • During the discussion, the teacher should ask questions to verify students' understanding and correct any misconceptions. The goal is for students to learn from each other and realize that there are different ways to approach the same problem.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes):

   • After the group discussion, the teacher should briefly recap the concepts of multiplication and division, highlighting how they were applied in the practical activities.
   • The teacher can remind students of the curiosities presented in the introduction, and ask them to identify examples of the curiosities in the solutions discussed. For example, if a group used the repeated addition strategy to solve a multiplication problem, the teacher can point out that they are using curiosity 1.

3. Final Reflection (3 - 4 minutes):

   • The teacher should suggest that students reflect on what they learned in the lesson. For this, the teacher can ask two simple questions:
     1. 'What was the problem-solving strategy you liked the most in today's lesson? Why?'
     2. 'How can you use what you learned today about multiplication and division in situations in your daily life?'
   • The teacher should give a few minutes for students to think about their answers. Then, some volunteers can share their reflections with the class.
   • This reflection stage is important for students to realize the relevance of what they learned and how they can apply their new knowledge in other situations.

The return is a crucial stage to consolidate learning and for the teacher to assess students' progress. The teacher should ensure that all students have the opportunity to actively participate in the discussion and reflection, respecting different ways of thinking and learning. Additionally, the teacher should be attentive to correct any misconceptions and clarify doubts that may arise during the return.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should start the conclusion by recalling the main points covered in the lesson. This can be done through a brief review of the concepts of multiplication and division, and the problem-solving strategies students learned.
   • The teacher should emphasize how multiplication is a form of repeated addition, and division is a form of repeated subtraction, reinforcing the curiosities presented during the introduction.
   • They can also highlight the importance of understanding and being able to apply these concepts in daily life, in situations like sharing objects, dividing tasks equally, counting elements in groups, and even in playful activities like board games.

2. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher can suggest some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject. This may include children's math books that approach the topic in a playful way, educational websites with interactive multiplication and division games, and explanatory videos available on the internet.
   • It is important for the teacher to encourage students to explore these materials autonomously, at home or in the school library, so they can consolidate their learning and feel more confident in solving multiplication and division problems.

3. Connection to Practice (1 - 2 minutes):

   • Finally, the teacher should explain how today's lesson connects to students' daily lives. They can mention examples of everyday situations involving multiplication and division, such as sharing a pizza, dividing toys among friends, counting money, among others.
   • The teacher should emphasize that mathematics is not just a school subject, but a powerful tool that helps us better understand the world around us, solve problems, and make decisions more efficiently.
   • They can encourage students to look for situations where they can apply what they learned, and to share their discoveries and challenges with the class in the next lesson.

4. Closure (1 minute):

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher can thank everyone for their participation and reinforce the invitation for students to continue exploring the world of mathematics beyond the classroom.
   • They can also mention that the next lesson will be an opportunity for students to practice multiplication and division even more, and that they will be available to help and clarify doubts during the activities.
   • Finally, the teacher can congratulate the students for the effort and dedication shown during the lesson, and express confidence in their continuous progress in understanding and applying the concepts of multiplication and division.

Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concepts of multiplication and division: Students should be able to understand what multiplication and division are, and how these two concepts are related. The teacher should explain in a clear and simple way, using practical examples from students' daily lives.

2. Solve multiplication and division problems: Students should be able to apply the concepts learned to solve multiplication and division problems. The teacher should propose challenging problem situations, but suitable for the students' age group, so they can practice and deepen their understanding.

3. Develop logical and critical thinking skills: Through problem-solving, students should be encouraged to develop logical and critical thinking skills. The teacher should propose questions that stimulate students to think independently and apply their understanding of multiplication and division in a creative way.