Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Negative Sentences: Introduction

Objectives

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to introduce students to the concept of negative sentences in English, ensuring they understand how to identify and form them. This lays the foundation for subsequent explanations and practices, consolidating the necessary basis for effective content learning.

Main Objectives

1. Recognize negative sentences in English.

2. Write negative sentences correctly.

Introduction

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to introduce students to the concept of negative sentences in English, ensuring they understand how to identify and form them. This lays the foundation for subsequent explanations and practices, consolidating the necessary basis for effective content learning.

Context

Start the class by explaining that, in any language, knowing how to deny something is as important as affirming. Ask students if they have said 'no' to something today. They will likely answer yes, and this is an excellent opportunity to explain that, in English, we also use specific forms to deny something. Write a simple example on the board like 'I have a pen.' and ask how they would say they do not have a pen. The correct answer would be 'I do not have a pen.' or 'I don't have a pen.'

Curiosities

Did you know that the word 'not' used to negate sentences in English is one of the most common words in the language? This shows how denying something is an essential part of daily communication. Without the ability to deny, it would be very difficult to express needs and desires accurately.

Development

Duration: 40 - 50 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' knowledge of forming negative sentences in English by using detailed explanations and practical examples. This will ensure that students understand not only the theory but also know how to apply the knowledge in practice, becoming able to recognize and form negative sentences autonomously.

Covered Topics

1. Use of 'do not' and 'does not': Explain that to form negative sentences in the simple present, we use 'do not' (or 'don't') for subjects like 'I', 'you', 'we', and 'they'. For subjects like 'he', 'she', and 'it', we use 'does not' (or 'doesn't'). For example, 'I do not like apples.' and 'He does not like apples.' 2. Contractions: Detail that in informal spoken and written English, it is common to use contractions. 'Do not' becomes 'don't' and 'does not' becomes 'doesn't'. Write examples on the board and ask students to practice reading these contracted forms. 3. Auxiliary Verbs: Explain that in negative sentences, the main verb does not change. The auxiliary verb ('do' or 'does') is what is modified to 'do not' or 'does not'. For example, 'They go to school' becomes 'They do not go to school'. 4. Negative Questions: Briefly introduce the idea of negative questions, such as 'Do you not like apples?' or 'Don't you like apples?' and explain that although less common, it is a valid way to form questions in English.

Classroom Questions

1. Transform the sentence 'She likes pizza.' into a negative sentence. 2. Write the negative form of 'We play soccer on weekends.' 3. Convert the sentence 'He has a car.' to the negative form with contraction.

Questions Discussion

Duration: 20 - 25 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate students' knowledge, ensuring they fully understand the rules for forming negative sentences in English. The discussion and active engagement of students help solidify the content in a practical and dynamic way, promoting self-confidence in applying the acquired knowledge.

Discussion

• ✅ Transform the sentence 'She likes pizza.' into a negative sentence.

Explain that the affirmative sentence is 'She likes pizza.' To transform it into a negative, we use 'does not' (or 'doesn't') because the subject is 'she'. Therefore, the sentence becomes 'She does not like pizza.' or 'She doesn't like pizza.'

• ✅ Write the negative form of 'We play soccer on weekends.'

Clarify that the affirmative sentence is 'We play soccer on weekends.' To negate it, we use 'do not' (or 'don't') because the subject is 'we'. The negative sentence will be 'We do not play soccer on weekends.' or 'We don't play soccer on weekends.'

• ✅ Convert the sentence 'He has a car.' to the negative form with contraction.

The affirmative sentence is 'He has a car.' To form the negative, we use 'does not' (or 'doesn't') because the subject is 'he'. The negative sentence will be 'He does not have a car.' or 'He doesn't have a car.' Note that the verb 'has' changes to 'have' after negation.

Student Engagement

1. ❓ Ask students if they encountered any difficulties in transforming the sentences. 2. ❓ Ask them to explain why they used 'do not' or 'does not' in their answers. 3. ❓ Question whether they can think of more examples of affirmative sentences that could be transformed into negatives. 4. ❓ Encourage students to create their own negative sentences and share them with the class. 5. ❓ Ask students how they feel about using contractions and whether they think it facilitates or hinders communication.

Conclusion

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to review the main points addressed in the lesson, reinforcing the knowledge acquired by students. Recapping content helps to fix information and ensure that students understand and remember the rules for forming negative sentences in English. This final review also provides a moment to clarify doubts and consolidate students' confidence in applying the content.

Summary

• Introduction to the concept of negative sentences in English.
• Use of 'do not' and 'does not' to form negative sentences in the simple present.
• Importance of contractions 'don't' and 'doesn't'.
• Explanation about auxiliary verbs in negative sentences.
• Brief introduction to negative questions.

The lesson connected theory with practice by providing detailed explanations followed by practical examples. Students had the opportunity to transform affirmative sentences into negatives, practicing the application of the learned rules and consolidating theoretical knowledge through guided practice.

Understanding how to form negative sentences is essential for effective communication in English. Knowing how to deny something allows students to express their thoughts and feelings accurately. Additionally, the use of contractions like 'don't' and 'doesn't' facilitates everyday communication, making it more natural and fluid. The ability to formulate negative sentences is a fundamental part of learning any language, and English is no exception.