Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the concept of World Climate: The teacher must ensure that students have a clear understanding of what global climate is. This includes the difference between climate and weather, as well as the factors that influence climate worldwide.

2. Knowledge of the main types of climate in the world: Students should be able to identify and describe the main types of climate in different regions of the world. This includes tropical, temperate, and polar climates, as well as the distinct characteristics of each.

3. Identification of the world's climate zones: Students should understand the idea of climate zones and be able to locate and describe the primary climate zones of the world.

Secondary Objectives:

• Development of research and presentation skills: Throughout the lesson, students will be encouraged to research and present information about different climatic regions of the world. This will help develop their research and presentation skills.

• Promotion of critical thinking and classroom discussion: Through the study of world climate, students will be encouraged to think critically about the relationship between climate and other aspects of geography, as well as the human impact on climate. The teacher should promote classroom discussion to deepen students' understanding of these topics.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Relevant Content: The teacher begins the lesson by reviewing the concepts of weather and climate that were covered in previous classes. He can ask students questions to verify if they have retained this knowledge. Additionally, it is important to review the difference between climate and weather, as this will be fundamental for understanding the topic of the lesson.

2. Problem-Solving Situations: The teacher can propose two hypothetical situations to the students:

   • "Suppose you live in a city located in the equatorial region. How do you think the climate would be in that location? And if that city were in the polar region, what would the climate be like?"
   • "Think about a trip you would like to take. How do you think the climate could affect your experience on that trip? And if you were to go to a place with a climate completely different from what you are used to, what could happen?"

3. Contextualization of the Subject's Importance: The teacher should explain to the students the importance of understanding world climate. He can mention how climate affects our daily lives, from the type of clothing we wear to the activities we can do outdoors. Additionally, the teacher can highlight how climate plays an important role in agriculture, health, and the environment.

4. Gaining Attention: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about world climate. For example:

   • "Did you know that the hottest region in the world is Death Valley, in the United States, where temperatures can reach an incredible 56.7°C? And the coldest region is Antarctica, where temperatures can drop to -89.2°C!"
   • "Did you know that there are places in the world where it rains very little or almost never? For example, the Atacama Desert in Chile is considered the driest place on Earth, with an average annual rainfall of only 1 millimeter."

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory: Tropical, Temperate, and Polar Climates (10 - 12 minutes):

   • Tropical Climates: The teacher should start by explaining tropical climates, which are characterized by high temperatures and frequent rainfall. He can mention that these climates are found near the equator and that most tropical forests are located in these areas. Additionally, he can discuss the subtypes of tropical climates, such as the equatorial climate, which is characterized by intense and constant rainfall, and the savanna tropical climate, which has a distinct dry season.

   • Temperate Climates: Next, the teacher should move on to temperate climates, which have distinct seasons, with hot summers and cold winters. He can mention that these climates are found at middle latitudes, between tropical and polar climates. The teacher can discuss the subtypes of temperate climates, such as the Mediterranean climate, which has hot and dry summers and mild and rainy winters, and the continental climate, which has large temperature variations between seasons.

   • Polar Climates: Finally, the teacher should explain polar climates, which are characterized by low temperatures and little precipitation. He can mention that these climates are found near the poles and that most of these regions are covered in ice and snow. Additionally, he can discuss the subtypes of polar climates, such as the tundra polar climate, which has a very short plant growth period, and the ice polar climate, which has an average temperature below zero year-round.

2. Practical Activity: Climatic Map (5 - 7 minutes):

   • Preparation: The teacher should divide the class into groups and provide each group with a blank world map and colored markers. Additionally, the teacher should prepare cards with information about different climatic regions of the world. Each card should include the type of climate and the main characteristics of that climate.

   • Execution: Each group should receive a card and, based on the information provided, should identify the corresponding region on the map and color it with the appropriate marker. After all groups have finished, the teacher should review the answers with the class, discussing the characteristics of each climatic region.

3. Theory: Climate Zones (5 - 6 minutes):

   • The teacher should explain the concept of climate zones, which are areas of the Earth that have similar climates due to their position in relation to the sun. He can mention that there are three main climate zones: the tropical zone, the temperate zone, and the polar zone. Additionally, the teacher should discuss how the tilt of the Earth's axis affects the distribution of heat, resulting in the different climate zones.

4. Discussion Activity (3 - 5 minutes):

   • Preparation: The teacher should prepare some questions about the topics discussed in the lesson. For example: "How does climate affect life in the different climate zones of the world?" or "What are the challenges and benefits of living in a region with an extreme climate?"

   • Execution: The teacher should facilitate a classroom discussion, asking students to share their opinions and ideas. The goal of this activity is to promote critical thinking and students' understanding of the importance of world climate.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Review and Reflection (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should start this stage by reviewing the main points covered in the lesson. For example, he can ask students to recall the main types of climate in the world and their characteristics, as well as the climate zones and how they are distributed on Earth. The teacher should encourage participation from everyone, emphasizing the importance of each student engaging in the discussion.

2. Connection to Practice (2 - 3 minutes): Next, the teacher should connect the theoretical content learned with practice. For instance, he can ask students to reflect on the climatic map activity and how it helped visualize and understand the distribution of climates in the world. Additionally, the teacher can recall the problem-solving situations proposed in the Introduction of the lesson and ask students to apply the knowledge gained to answer those questions.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then suggest that students engage in individual reflection on what they learned in the lesson. He can propose that students think about the following questions:

   • "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
   • "What questions do you still have about world climate?"

   The teacher should give a minute for students to think silently and then ask for some volunteers to share their answers. This will allow the teacher to assess the class's level of understanding and identify any concepts that may need review in future lessons.

4. Feedback and Closure (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and encourage continued study of the topic. He can also provide brief feedback on the lesson, highlighting the positives and pointing out possible areas for improvement. The teacher should reinforce the importance of world climate and how it affects our daily lives, encouraging students to observe and question the climate around them.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Content (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the main points covered during the lesson. He can review the definition of climate and weather, the difference between them, and the main types of climate in the world (tropical, temperate, and polar). Additionally, he should reinforce the idea of climate zones and how they are distributed on Earth.

2. Connection of Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should highlight how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. He can mention how the climatic map activity helped visualize and understand the distribution of climates in the world. Additionally, he should emphasize how the knowledge acquired in the lesson can be applied to understand and predict climate in different regions of the world.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute): The teacher can suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of world climate. For example, he can recommend books, documentaries, educational websites, and weather forecasting apps. Additionally, the teacher can suggest that students observe the climate in their region in the coming days and compare it to the climates discussed in the lesson.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of world climate. He can mention how climate affects our daily lives, from the type of clothing we wear to the activities we can do outdoors. Additionally, he can discuss how climate plays an important role in agriculture, health, and the environment. The teacher should stress that understanding world climate is essential to comprehend and address many of the challenges we face today, such as climate change.