Lesson Plan | Socioemotional Learning | Numerical Expressions

Objectives

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to present the lesson objectives, highlighting the importance of understanding and solving numerical expressions, as well as developing students' socio-emotional skills. By aligning mathematical content with emotional development, the aim is to create a more balanced and effective learning environment where students feel confident and motivated to face the proposed challenges.

Main Goals

1. Develop the ability to solve numerical expressions involving the four basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

2. Promote students' socio-emotional development through recognition and understanding of emotions while solving mathematical problems.

3. Encourage the expression and regulation of emotions when facing mathematical challenges, fostering a healthy and collaborative learning environment.

Introduction

Duration: 15 to 20 minutes

Emotional Warm-up Activity

Deep Breathing for Focus and Concentration

Today's activity is a practice of Deep Breathing aimed at helping students focus and prepare emotionally for the class. Deep breathing is a simple technique that can calm the mind and body, promoting a state of presence and focus. By dedicating a few minutes to deep breathing, students can reduce stress and anxiety, which improves their learning capacity and readiness to tackle mathematical challenges.

1. Ask students to sit comfortably in their chairs, with their feet flat on the floor and hands resting on their thighs.

2. Instruct them to close their eyes or focus on a fixed point in front if they prefer.

3. Guide the students to breathe deeply through their noses, filling their lungs with air, and then exhale slowly through their mouths.

4. Count to four while they inhale (1, 2, 3, 4), hold the breath for four seconds (1, 2, 3, 4), and then count to four while they exhale (1, 2, 3, 4).

5. Repeat this deep breathing cycle for five minutes, encouraging students to maintain focus on their breathing and relax more with each exhalation.

6. After the activity, ask students to slowly open their eyes and return their attention to the classroom.

Content Contextualization

Solving numerical expressions is a fundamental skill not only in mathematics but also in various everyday situations. For instance, when shopping, calculating discounts, or splitting a restaurant bill, we use numerical expressions without even realizing it. Additionally, mathematics develops logical reasoning and problem-solving abilities, essential skills for responsible decision-making.

Emotional focus is equally important. Learning to cope with frustrations, manage time, and collaborate with peers are competencies that extend beyond the classroom and are valuable for life. By integrating mathematical learning with socio-emotional development, students enhance not only their academic skills but also their emotional and social well-being.

Development

Duration: 60 to 75 minutes

Theoretical Framework

Duration: 20 to 25 minutes

1. Main Components of Numerical Expressions:

2. Basic Operations: The four fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division).

3. Parentheses: Used to determine the order of operations.

4. Order of Operations: The correct order to solve a numerical expression is: Parentheses, Multiplication and Division (left to right), Addition and Subtraction (left to right).

5. Theoretical Outline:

6. Explain Basic Operations: Detail each of the four basic operations, providing simple examples for each.

7. Example of addition: 3 + 4 = 7

8. Example of subtraction: 9 - 5 = 4

9. Example of multiplication: 6 x 3 = 18

10. Example of division: 8 ÷ 2 = 4

11. Explain the Function of Parentheses: Show how parentheses change the order of operations in a numerical expression.

12. Example: 2 x (3 + 4) is different from 2 x 3 + 4

13. Order of Operations: Explain the importance of following the correct order of operations to obtain the correct answer.

14. Example: 1 + 3 x (7 - 4) should be solved as 1 + 3 x 3, and then 1 + 9, resulting in 10.

15. Use Analogies: Compare solving a numerical expression to following a cake recipe. Each step must be followed in the correct order for the result to turn out as expected.

16. Practical Examples: Present several more examples of numerical expressions and solve them together with the students, step by step.

17. Example: 5 + 2 x (8 ÷ 4) - 3

Socioemotional Feedback Activity

Duration: 30 to 35 minutes

Solving Expressions Together

In this activity, students will work in pairs to solve numerical expressions provided by the teacher. This group work will encourage collaboration and discussion among students, as well as promote the development of social skills.

1. Divide the students into pairs.

2. Hand out a list of numerical expressions for each pair to solve.

3. Instruct students to solve the expressions step by step, discussing the order of operations among themselves and checking their answers.

4. After solving each expression, students should compare their answers with those of other pairs to identify and correct any possible errors.

5. During the activity, circulate around the room to offer support and clarify questions.

Group Discussion

After completing the activity, gather the class for a group discussion. Use the RULER method to guide the discussion:

Recognize: Ask students how they felt when solving the expressions in pairs. Did they feel confident, frustrated, excited? Encourage them to identify these emotions.

Understand: Discuss the causes of the emotions. Why did they feel frustration or confidence? Was it due to specific difficulties in the expressions or from collaborating with their partner?

Name: Help students to correctly name their emotions. For example, frustration, anxiety, joy, or satisfaction.

Express: Encourage students to express their emotions appropriately. How can they communicate their feelings constructively?

Regulate: Discuss strategies for regulating emotions. How can they better handle frustration or improve collaboration in future activities?

Conclusion

Duration: 15 to 20 minutes

Emotional Reflection and Regulation

For the reflection and emotional regulation activity, suggest that students write a paragraph about the challenges they faced while solving the numerical expressions and how they managed their emotions during the activity. Alternatively, a group discussion can be held where each student briefly shares their experiences and feelings. Guiding questions may include: 'What was the biggest challenge you faced today?', 'How did you feel working in pairs?' and 'What did you do to cope with these feelings?'

Objective: The objective of this subsection is to encourage students to self-assess their emotional experiences during the lesson. By reflecting on the challenges faced and the emotions felt, students can identify effective strategies for coping with challenging situations in the future. This practice promotes self-awareness and emotional regulation, helping students to develop resilience and a positive mindset in the face of difficulties.

Closure and A Look Into The Future

To conclude the lesson, propose that students set personal and academic goals related to the content learned. Ask each student to write a specific goal to improve their skills in solving numerical expressions and a goal to apply the socio-emotional skills developed in other areas of their lives. For example, 'I want to improve my accuracy in solving complex numerical expressions' and 'I want to practice collaboration and respect in my daily interactions.'

Possible Goal Ideas:

1. Improve accuracy in solving complex numerical expressions.

2. Practice collaboration and respect in daily interactions.

3. Better manage frustration when facing difficult problems.

4. Enhance clear and effective communication with peers.

5. Apply the order of mathematical operations in everyday situations. Objective: The objective of this subsection is to strengthen students' autonomy and the practical application of learning, encouraging continued academic and personal development. By setting clear and specific goals, students can focus on areas of improvement and apply socio-emotional skills in various contexts, promoting balanced and continuous growth.