Lesson Plan | Lesson Plan Tradisional | Verbs: Present Perfect Continuous

Objectives

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

This stage aims to provide a clear overview of the lesson’s objectives. It helps students understand what’s expected of them and how we’ll tackle the content, setting them up for a more focused and directed learning experience. Additionally, having clear objectives helps organise the teaching process, allowing me to guide explanations and examples effectively.

Objectives Utama:

1. Explain the use of the present perfect continuous in English.

2. Show how to write verbs in the present perfect continuous and tell them apart from other verb tenses.

3. Correctly identify verbs written in the present perfect continuous in sentences.

Introduction

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

This stage prepares students for the lesson’s theme by understanding the context. This connection between content and real-life scenarios boosts interest and motivation. Plus, by stressing the importance of Present Perfect Continuous in practical situations like job interviews, students can appreciate its applicability in honing their language skills.

Did you know?

An interesting tidbit about the Present Perfect Continuous is its frequent use in job interviews in English. Employers often want to know about ongoing activities and efforts, prompting questions like 'What have you been working on recently?' or 'How long have you been developing your skills in this area?'. This verb tense showcases commitment and perseverance, qualities that job seekers need to highlight.

Contextualization

To kick off the lesson on the Present Perfect Continuous, it’s important to clarify where and how this verb tense is used in English. Explain to the students that the Present Perfect Continuous is for actions that started in the past and are still ongoing or were completed recently, with a focus on the duration of those actions. For instance, sentences like 'I have been studying for three hours' or 'She has been working at the company since 2015' highlight actions that began in the past and are still happening or were recently finished.

Concepts

Duration: 45 to 50 minutes

This stage aims to deepen students' grasp of the Present Perfect Continuous, covering its formation, use, and differences from other tenses. Answering questions in class enables students to practice and correctly utilise the verb tense in various contexts.

Relevant Topics

1. Formation of the Present Perfect Continuous: Clarify that the Present Perfect Continuous is structured as the subject + 'has/have' + 'been' + verb in the gerund (ing form). Examples include: 'I have been working', 'She has been studying'. Stress the need for 'has' with third-person singular subjects and 'have' for others.

2. Use of the Present Perfect Continuous: Highlight that this tense is used for actions that began in the past and are still ongoing or have been recently completed. Examples: 'They have been playing soccer for two hours' (the action continues) and 'He has been reading a lot lately' (the action was recently completed).

3. Difference between Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous: Emphasise that Present Perfect is used for actions completed at some unspecified time before now that are relevant presently, while Present Perfect Continuous underscores the duration of the action. For instance, 'I have read the book' (Present Perfect) versus 'I have been reading the book for two hours' (Present Perfect Continuous).

4. Signal Words and Indicators: Point out common words and expressions with Present Perfect Continuous, like 'for', 'since', 'lately', 'recently', and 'all day'. Clarify that these terms signal continuity or duration.

To Reinforce Learning

1. Change 'She studies English' into the Present Perfect Continuous.

2. Explain the difference between 'I have finished my homework' and 'I have been finishing my homework'.

3. Identify the time indicator in 'They have been playing tennis since morning' and explain its usage.

Feedback

Duration: 20 to 25 minutes

This stage consolidates what students have learned by discussing answers and reflecting on the content. It allows me to clarify doubts, reinforce key points, and check their understanding. Engaging students through questions fosters active and collaborative learning, enriching their educational journey.

Diskusi Concepts

1. Change 'She studies English' into the Present Perfect Continuous: The sentence 'She studies English' translates to 'She has been studying English' in the Present Perfect Continuous. Here, 'has' is used since 'She' is a third-person singular subject, followed by 'been' and 'studying'. 2. Clarify the difference between 'I have finished my homework' and 'I have been finishing my homework': 'I have finished my homework' employs Present Perfect, indicating the action of finishing homework was done at an unspecified earlier time. Conversely, 'I have been finishing my homework' uses the Present Perfect Continuous, implying that this action is still ongoing or has just wrapped up, underscoring the duration. 3. Identify the time indicator in 'They have been playing tennis since morning' and justify its usage: The time indicator is 'since'. It indicates the starting point in time, revealing that playing tennis started in the morning and continues.

Engaging Students

1. Ask the class: 'Why is it important to know the difference between Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous?' 2. Encourage students to provide examples from daily life where the Present Perfect Continuous could be applied. 3. Pose the question: 'How can using Present Perfect Continuous enhance clarity when discussing activities in a job interview?' 4. Request students to create sentences employing time indicators like 'for', 'since', 'lately', and 'recently'.

Conclusion

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

This stage aims to recap the main lesson points, ensuring students have a solid understanding of the content. By linking theory with practice and highlighting the material's relevance, this section aids students in recognising the importance of what they’ve learned, motivating them to apply this knowledge in their own lives.

Summary

["The Present Perfect Continuous is formed by: subject + 'has/have' + 'been' + verb in the gerund (ing form).", "This tense describes actions that started in the past, continue in the present, or have recently wrapped up, focusing on the action's duration.", "The distinction between Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous: the former signifies completed actions with present relevance, while the latter stresses the action's duration.", "Common time indicators for the Present Perfect Continuous include 'for', 'since', 'lately', 'recently', and 'all day'."]

Connection

The lesson bridged theory with practical usage by showcasing how the Present Perfect Continuous appears in realistic scenarios, like job interviews. Examples and hands-on exercises enabled students to use theoretical knowledge in day-to-day contexts, reinforcing the content’s utility.

Theme Relevance

Mastering the Present Perfect Continuous is vital for portraying ongoing and prolonged actions, frequently applied in professional and academic settings. Being adept with this verb tense can sharpen clarity and precision in English communication, essential for both everyday and formal contexts such as job interviews.