Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. To introduce students to the concept of presenting information in English by explaining the importance of clear and effective communication.
2. To familiarize students with the various tools and techniques used in English to present information, including but not limited to:
   • Organizing and structuring information in a logical sequence.
   • Using visual aids such as charts, graphs, and diagrams to enhance understanding.
   • Employing clear and concise language to convey ideas.
3. To encourage students to think critically about the information they are presenting, and to consider their audience in order to make their presentation relevant and engaging.

Secondary Objectives:

1. To promote active participation and engagement in the lesson through interactive activities and discussions.
2. To enhance students' confidence in their English language skills, particularly in the area of presenting information.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. The teacher begins the lesson by reminding students of the importance of clear and effective communication in English. The teacher can use real-world examples to illustrate this, such as how a well-presented business proposal can influence a decision, or how a clear and concise news report can help people understand a complex issue. (3-4 minutes)

2. The teacher then presents two problem situations to the students to initiate a discussion and engage their critical thinking:

   a. The first problem could be about a hypothetical situation where the students are asked to present a report on a recent school event to the school board. The teacher can ask the students what kind of information would be important to include, how they would organize the information, and how they would make the presentation engaging.

   b. The second problem could be about a current news story. The teacher can ask the students to imagine they are journalists and have to present a news report about the story. The teacher can ask the students what facts would they include, how they would structure the report, and how they would make it interesting for the viewers. (5-6 minutes)

3. The teacher then contextualizes the importance of the subject by discussing its real-world applications. The teacher can explain how the skill of presenting information is crucial in various fields such as business, journalism, education, and even in everyday life situations like sharing a personal experience or giving a presentation in school. (2-3 minutes)

4. To grab the students' attention, the teacher can share two interesting facts or stories related to presenting information in English:

   a. The first could be the story of Florence Nightingale, the English social reformer and statistician, who used innovative ways to present information, such as the famous "coxcombs" or pie charts, to convince the British government of the need for better healthcare in the military. This could highlight the power of visual aids in presenting information.

   b. The second could be a fun fact about the world's longest English presentation, which was a 48-hour long presentation by a scientist at a conference. This could show the students the diverse and sometimes extreme ways in which people present information in English. (3-4 minutes)

By the end of the introduction, students should understand the importance of the topic, be engaged in the lesson, and be prepared to learn about the tools and techniques used in English to present information effectively and engagingly.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Organizing and Structuring Information (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher explains to the students that organizing and structuring information is the first and foremost step in presenting information in English. The teacher should emphasize the importance of presenting information in a logical sequence so that the audience can follow the presentation easily. This can be done using a real-life example, such as the structure of a news report or a school essay. (2-3 minutes)

   • The teacher then introduces a technique called the "inverted pyramid" used in journalism, which involves presenting the most important information first and then adding details in descending order of importance. The teacher can demonstrate this technique using a sample news article and asking students to identify the most important information. (2-3 minutes)

   • The teacher also introduces the concept of subheadings and bullet points for organizing information in a visually appealing and easy-to-understand manner. The teacher can show examples of presentations or reports with subheadings and bullet points and ask students to identify the main points. (1-2 minutes)

2. Using Visual Aids (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher explains that visual aids like charts, graphs, diagrams, and images can greatly enhance the understanding and engagement of the audience. The teacher should emphasize that these visual aids need to be relevant, clear, and used sparingly to avoid overwhelming the audience. The teacher can show examples of good and bad use of visual aids and ask students to comment on them. (2-3 minutes)

   • The teacher can briefly discuss the types of visual aids used in different contexts. For instance, charts and graphs are commonly used in scientific and business presentations, while diagrams may be used in explaining a process or a system. The teacher can show examples of different types of visual aids and ask students to identify them and their purpose. (1-2 minutes)

   • The teacher can also discuss the importance of properly labeling the visual aids and citing the sources of the information used in them. The teacher can show examples of properly labeled visual aids and ask students to identify the labels and sources. (1-2 minutes)

3. Using Clear and Concise Language (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher emphasizes the importance of using clear and concise language in presentations to avoid confusion and boredom in the audience. The teacher can demonstrate this by presenting two versions of the same information, one with long, complicated sentences, and the other with short, simple sentences. The teacher can then ask students which version they found easier to understand. (2-3 minutes)

   • The teacher can also discuss how to explain complex ideas in simple terms, using examples from everyday life to make the information relatable and understandable. The teacher can show examples of how complex scientific or mathematical concepts are often explained in simple terms in popular science books or TV shows. The teacher can then ask students to explain a concept from their favorite subject in school in simple terms. (2-3 minutes)

   • The teacher can also discuss how to use appropriate language for different audiences. For instance, a presentation to a group of scientists may use more technical language than a presentation to a group of high school students. The teacher can show examples of presentations for different audiences and ask students to identify the differences in language use. (1-2 minutes)

4. Considering the Audience and Engaging Them (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher explains that considering the audience is a crucial step in presenting information. The teacher introduces the concept of audience analysis, which involves understanding the needs, expectations, and knowledge level of the audience. The teacher can demonstrate this by presenting a simple topic in different ways for different audiences, such as a presentation on the benefits of recycling for a group of school children and a group of business executives. (2-3 minutes)

   • The teacher can also discuss how to engage the audience during a presentation, such as by using interactive elements, asking questions, and telling stories. The teacher can show examples of presentations that engage the audience and ask students to identify the engaging elements. (2-3 minutes)

   • The teacher can also discuss the importance of practicing the presentation before the actual event to increase confidence, fluency, and engagement. The teacher can show examples of rehearsed and un-rehearsed presentations and ask students to identify the differences. (1-2 minutes)

By the end of the development stage, students should have a clear understanding of the tools and techniques used in English to present information effectively and engagingly. They should also understand the importance of organizing and structuring information, using visual aids, using clear and concise language, and considering the audience in a presentation.

Feedback (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Class Discussion and Reflection (4 - 5 minutes)

   • The teacher initiates a class discussion to gather students' understanding of the lesson. The teacher can ask questions like "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "How will you apply the techniques discussed today in your future presentations?" This open-ended discussion will allow students to reflect on their learning and share their thoughts with the class. (2-3 minutes)

   • The teacher can also ask students to share their answers to the problem situations discussed at the beginning of the lesson, such as the hypothetical school event report and the news report. The teacher can provide feedback on the students' responses, highlighting the correct use of the techniques discussed in the lesson and suggesting improvements where necessary. (1-2 minutes)

   • The teacher can also ask students to share their thoughts on the real-life examples and stories shared during the lesson, and how these examples and stories have helped them understand the importance and application of the topic. The teacher can encourage students to think about other real-life examples where they can apply the techniques discussed in the lesson. (1-2 minutes)

2. Individual Reflection and Application (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher asks students to take a moment to reflect on the lesson and write down their answers to the following questions:

     1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
     2. Which techniques discussed today do you think will be most helpful in your presentations?
     3. How will you apply what you have learned today in your future presentations?

   • After a minute or two, the teacher asks several volunteers to share their answers with the class. This will not only help the teacher gauge the students' understanding of the lesson but also provide an opportunity for students to learn from each other's perspectives. (2-3 minutes)

3. Summarizing the Lesson (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher concludes the feedback stage by summarizing the main points of the lesson. The teacher can use visual aids, such as a mind map or a summary slide, to help students visualize and remember the key concepts. The teacher can then ask students to add any additional points they have learned to the visual aid. This will help reinforce the learning and ensure that all students have a clear understanding of the lesson. (1-2 minutes)

By the end of the feedback stage, students should have a solid understanding of the lesson's key concepts and how to apply them in their future presentations. They should also feel confident in their ability to present information effectively in English, and be excited to apply their new skills in their academic and professional life.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher starts the conclusion by summarizing the main points of the lesson. This includes the importance of clear and effective communication in English, the tools and techniques used in English to present information, and the significance of organizing and structuring information, using visual aids, using clear and concise language, and considering the audience in a presentation. The teacher can use the visual aids created during the lesson to aid in this summary.

   • The teacher also recaps the two problem situations discussed at the beginning of the lesson and the students' solutions, emphasizing how the techniques learned in the lesson were applied to these situations. This helps to reinforce the students' understanding of the topic and its practical application.

2. Connection of Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher then explains how the lesson connected theory with practice. The teacher can mention how the theoretical concepts, such as the importance of clear and effective communication and the use of visual aids, were demonstrated in practical examples, such as the news report and the school event report.

   • The teacher can also mention how the students were given the opportunity to apply the concepts learned in the lesson to their own presentations and how they were encouraged to reflect on their learning. This helps to reinforce the students' understanding and retention of the concepts.

3. Suggested Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher suggests additional materials for the students to further enhance their understanding of the topic. This could include English textbooks with chapters on presentation skills, online resources with video tutorials on effective presentation techniques, and practice exercises on organizing and structuring information, using visual aids, and using clear and concise language.

   • The teacher can also recommend that students watch and analyze English presentations in their areas of interest, paying attention to the techniques used in these presentations. This will help the students to contextualize the concepts learned in the lesson and see their practical application in real-life situations.

4. Real-World Application (1 minute)

   • Lastly, the teacher emphasizes the importance of the topic for everyday life and future career. The teacher can explain how the skill of presenting information in English is not only important for academic success but also for professional success in various fields, such as business, journalism, education, and research.

   • The teacher can also mention how the skill of presenting information in English is useful in everyday life situations, such as sharing a personal experience, expressing an opinion, or explaining a concept to a friend or family member.

By the end of the conclusion, the students should have a comprehensive understanding of the lesson's key concepts, their practical application, and their relevance to their academic and professional life. They should also feel motivated to further explore the topic and practice the skills learned in the lesson.