Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the Concept of Formal Style: Students will be able to define what formal style is in English language and literature. They will understand that formal style is the use of standard language, proper grammar, and a professional tone.

2. Identify the Characteristics of Formal Style: Students will be able to recognize the specific elements that make a piece of writing or speech formal. This includes the use of third-person pronouns, avoiding contractions, and using specific vocabulary.

3. Apply Formal Style in Writing and Speaking: Students will be able to use formal style in their own writing and speaking. They will understand the appropriate situations where formal style is required and be able to adjust their language accordingly.

Secondary Objectives:

1. Develop Active Listening Skills: Through the flipped classroom approach, students will be encouraged to actively listen and take notes during the at-home learning portion of the lesson. This will help them to better understand and retain the information.

2. Enhance Critical Thinking Skills: During the in-class portion of the lesson, students will engage in discussions and activities that require them to analyze and apply their understanding of formal style. This will help them to develop their critical thinking skills.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Necessary Content: The teacher begins by reviewing the basic concepts of language, grammar, and style that the students have learned in previous lessons. This includes a reminder of the importance of using proper grammar and the different styles of writing and speaking. The teacher also asks a few warm-up questions related to these concepts to ensure the students have a clear understanding.

2. Problem Situations: The teacher then presents two hypothetical situations to the students. The first situation is a job interview, where the students are the interviewees. The second situation is a formal presentation in front of a large audience. The teacher asks the students to consider what language and style they would use in these situations and why.

3. Real-World Context: The teacher explains the importance of formal style in real-world applications. They discuss how using formal style in job interviews, presentations, and professional communication can make a significant difference in how one is perceived and taken seriously. The teacher shares personal stories or examples of how they have seen the use of formal style impact situations in their own life or career.

4. Introduction of the Topic: The teacher then introduces the topic of formal style. They explain that formal style is a specific way of using language that is appropriate for professional and academic settings. The teacher also shares that formal style is often used in business communication, legal writing, academic papers, and other situations where a professional tone is required.

5. Engaging the Students: To grab the students' attention, the teacher shares a fun fact about formal style. For example, they could share that the use of formal style in English language and literature can be traced back to the 18th century and was heavily influenced by the rise of the Enlightenment and the emphasis on reason and logic. This fun fact not only piques the students' interest but also helps them to see the historical and cultural context of formal style.

6. Additional Materials: The teacher provides the students with the necessary materials for the at-home learning portion of the lesson. This includes a video or text explaining the concept of formal style in more detail, as well as some examples and exercises for them to practice with. The teacher also reminds the students to take notes and jot down any questions they may have for the in-class discussion.

Development

Pre-class Activities (15 - 20 minutes)

1. Video Resource: Students are to watch a short educational video (approximately 5 minutes long) that introduces the concept of formal style in English language and literature. This video should be clear and engaging, using visuals and examples to illustrate the points. The video should define formal style, explain when to use it, and provide some examples of formal writing and speaking.

2. Reading Material: Students are to read a short article (approximately 10 minutes of reading time) on the same subject. The article should further elaborate on the concept of formal style, providing more examples and tips for using it effectively. The reading material should also highlight the importance of formal style in different contexts, such as academic writing, professional communication, and public speaking.

3. Note-Taking: During the video and reading session, students are expected to take notes on the key points about formal style. These notes will be used during the in-class discussion and activities. They should jot down any questions they have or areas they find confusing for further clarification in the classroom.

In-class Activities (25 - 30 minutes)

Activity 1: "Formal Style Role Play"

1. Setup: The teacher divides the students into pairs or groups of three. Each group is given a different scenario where they have to use formal style in their conversation. Scenarios can include a job interview, a press conference, a court trial, or a formal academic debate.

2. Preparation Time: Students are given 5 minutes to prepare for their role play. They should consider the context of the scenario, the characters they are playing, and how they would use formal language and style in that situation. They should also decide who will play which role and how long their conversation will be.

3. Role Play: Each group performs their role play, using formal language and style. The teacher and other students observe, taking note of any particularly effective or ineffective uses of formal style.

4. Discussion: After each group's performance, there is a short discussion. The group explains their thought process and the decisions they made about the use of formal style in their role play. The teacher and other students provide feedback and suggestions for improvement.

Activity 2: "Formal Writing Challenge"

1. Setup: The teacher provides the students with a writing task. This could be a formal letter to a company, a formal report about a current event, or a formal essay on a given topic.

2. Preparation Time: Students are given 10 minutes to plan and write a draft of their formal writing piece. They should consider the target audience, the purpose of their writing, and how they can best convey their ideas using formal language and style.

3. Peer Review: Students then exchange their papers with a partner, who has 5 minutes to read and provide feedback on areas where the writer could improve their use of formal style. The teacher circulates the room, providing guidance and answering any questions that arise.

4. Revision: Based on their partner's feedback and their own self-reflection, students have 5 minutes to revise their writing piece, focusing on improving the use of formal style.

5. Sharing and Discussion: The teacher invites a few volunteers to share their writing piece and the changes they made to improve their use of formal style. The class discusses the different approaches and provides further suggestions for improvement.

Through these activities, students will have the opportunity to apply their understanding of formal style in real-world scenarios, improving their comprehension and retention. The teacher's role is to facilitate the activities, provide guidance and feedback, and encourage active participation and discussion among the students.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: The teacher initiates a group discussion by asking each group to share their solutions or conclusions from the activities. Each group is given up to 3 minutes to present. This allows the students to learn from each other's perspectives and solutions. The teacher facilitates the discussion, ensuring that all points are covered and encouraging students to ask questions or provide feedback to their peers.

2. Connecting Theory and Practice: After all groups have presented, the teacher summarizes the key learnings from the group activities, emphasizing how the students have applied the concept of formal style in real-world scenarios. The teacher also highlights how the activities connect with the theory learned from the video and reading materials. For example, the teacher might point out how the use of formal style in a job interview can help to create a professional and competent image, or how using formal style in a formal letter can convey respect and seriousness.

3. Reflection: The teacher then prompts the students to take a moment to reflect on what they have learned. They are asked to consider the following questions:

   1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
   2. Which questions have not yet been answered?
   3. How will you apply what you have learned about formal style in your future writing and speaking?

4. Sharing Reflections: After a minute of reflection, the teacher invites a few students to share their thoughts with the class. This not only gives the teacher an insight into the students' learning but also encourages the students to articulate their understanding and thoughts. The teacher responds to the students' reflections, addressing any unanswered questions and providing further clarification as needed.

5. Summarizing the Lesson: To conclude the feedback session, the teacher summarizes the key points from the lesson, restating the definition of formal style, its characteristics, and the situations where it is used. The teacher also reminds the students about the importance of using formal style in appropriate contexts, and encourages them to continue practicing their use of formal style in their writing and speaking.

6. Homework Assignment: Before ending the class, the teacher assigns homework for the students to further practice their understanding and use of formal style. This could be a writing assignment where the students have to write a formal letter or report, or a speaking assignment where they have to give a formal presentation. The teacher provides clear instructions and expectations for the homework assignment, and sets a due date for submission.

The feedback stage is crucial for consolidating the students' learning, addressing any remaining questions or doubts, and preparing them for further practice and application. The teacher's role is to facilitate the discussion, guide the students' reflection, and provide constructive feedback and guidance.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap: The teacher begins by summarizing and recapping the main points of the lesson. They remind the students of the definition of formal style, its characteristics, and the situations where it is used. The teacher also reviews the key learnings from the in-class activities, highlighting how the students have applied their understanding of formal style in real-world scenarios.

2. Connecting Theory, Practice, and Applications: The teacher then explains how the lesson connected theory, practice, and real-world applications. They highlight how the video and reading materials provided the theoretical understanding of formal style, while the in-class activities allowed the students to practice and apply this knowledge. The teacher also emphasizes how the discussion and reflection on real-world scenarios helped the students to see the practical applications of formal style in their own lives and future careers.

3. Additional Learning Materials: To further enrich the students' understanding of formal style, the teacher suggests a few additional learning materials. This could include more examples and exercises on formal style from textbooks or online resources, video lectures on advanced topics related to formal style, or interactive quizzes to test the students' understanding. The teacher encourages the students to explore these materials at their own pace and to reach out if they have any questions or need further clarification.

4. Importance of the Topic: The teacher concludes the lesson by reiterating the importance of the topic. They explain that formal style is not just a set of rules to follow in English language and literature, but a valuable skill that can help the students to succeed in their academic and professional life. The teacher emphasizes that being able to use formal style effectively can make a significant difference in how one is perceived and taken seriously, particularly in formal settings such as job interviews, academic writing, and professional communication.

5. Everyday Applications: The teacher also points out that formal style is not just for formal or professional settings, but can also be used to communicate respect, seriousness, and professionalism in everyday life. They give a few examples, such as writing a formal email to a teacher or a school administrator, giving a formal speech at a school event, or participating in a formal debate. The teacher encourages the students to be mindful of these opportunities and to continue practicing their use of formal style in different contexts.

The conclusion stage is important for reinforcing the students' learning, encouraging them to continue exploring the topic, and helping them to see the relevance and applicability of what they have learned. The teacher's role is to provide a clear and concise summary of the lesson, guide the students' further learning, and motivate them to apply their learning in their everyday life.