Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

The teacher will:

1. Introduce the topic of Kingdom Protista, explaining its significance as a unique kingdom of eukaryotic organisms that are neither animals, plants, nor fungi.
2. Outline the learning objectives for the lesson, which are:
   • Students will be able to describe the unique characteristics of Kingdom Protista and differentiate them from the other kingdoms.
   • Students will be able to identify the various types of organisms that belong to Kingdom Protista and provide examples of each.
3. Briefly explain the flipped classroom methodology and how it will be utilized in the lesson. The teacher should also clarify the roles of the students in the pre-class and in-class activities.
4. Provide an overview of the lesson plan, highlighting the steps the students will take to achieve the learning objectives. This includes the pre-class activity of watching a video at home, followed by an in-class activity of creating a visual representation of Kingdom Protista in groups.

Secondary Objectives:

• The teacher will encourage students to develop their collaborative and creative skills through group work and the creation of the visual representation.
• The teacher will foster a sense of curiosity and interest in the subject by highlighting the diverse and often overlooked world of Kingdom Protista.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

The teacher will:

1. Remind students of the basic concepts of cell theory and the classification of living organisms into five kingdoms. This includes a brief review of the characteristics of animal, plant, and fungi kingdoms.

2. Present two problem situations that will serve as a starting point for the development of the theory. These could be:

   • "Imagine you are a scientist exploring a new ecosystem and you come across a single-celled organism with a cell nucleus. How would you classify it?"
   • "Consider a pond in your neighborhood. It's filled with life, but not all of it is visible to the naked eye. What do you think could be living in the pond, and how would you classify these organisms?"

3. Contextualize the importance of Kingdom Protista with real-world examples. The teacher can discuss how some Protists, like algae, are crucial for oxygen production in the atmosphere and serve as the base of the food chain in many aquatic ecosystems. They can also mention how some Protists, such as the parasite that causes malaria, can be harmful to human health.

4. Grab students' attention by sharing intriguing facts and stories related to Protists. For example:

   • "Did you know that the largest known organism on Earth is a type of Protist? It's a giant kelp that can reach over 100 feet long!"
   • "You might be surprised to learn that some Protists are capable of photosynthesis, just like plants. This means they can make their own food from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide!"
   • "There's even a type of Protist called a 'slime mold' that, despite its name, is not a mold or a fungus. It's actually a single-celled organism that can join together with other slime molds to form a 'superorganism' that can move and even solve puzzles!"

By the end of the introduction, students should have a clear understanding of the topic, its relevance, and its potential for fascinating exploration.

Development

Pre-Class Activities (15 - 20 minutes)

The students will:

1. Watch a short, engaging educational video on Kingdom Protista at home. The video should provide a clear and concise overview of the topic, detailing the unique characteristics of Protists and the various types of organisms that belong to this kingdom. The video should also include interesting visuals and animations to aid understanding and engagement. (Estimated time: 10 - 15 minutes)

2. Take brief notes during the video on the key points to remember and any questions they may have. These notes will be brought to the in-class activity for reference and discussion. (Estimated time: 5 minutes)

The teacher will:

1. Select a suitable educational video on Kingdom Protista and provide a link or copy of the video to the students. Ensure that the video is appropriate for the students' grade level, engaging, and covers the required content. (Estimated time: 5 minutes)

2. Prepare a set of guiding questions for the students to answer while watching the video. These questions should prompt the students to focus on the key points and stimulate their critical thinking. (Estimated time: 5 minutes)

3. Share the video link and guiding questions with the students through the school's online learning platform, email, or any other appropriate communication channel. (Estimated time: 3 - 5 minutes)

In-Class Activities (25 - 28 minutes)

Activity 1: "Protista Parade" (15 - 18 minutes)

1. The teacher divides the class into small groups of 4 - 5 students each.

2. Each group is provided with a large sheet of paper, colored markers, and a set of cards, each with the name of a Protist and a brief description of its characteristics. The Protists are selected from the video the students watched at home and the teacher's additional resources. (Estimated time: 5 - 7 minutes)

3. The groups' task is to create a visual representation of Kingdom Protista in a form of a parade. The Protists should be drawn and colored on the sheet, following a logical sequence that reflects the evolutionary relationships among the organisms. Each Protist should also be accompanied by its name and a brief description of its key characteristics. (Estimated time: 7 - 10 minutes)

4. Once the "parades" are completed, each group will present their "Protista Parade" to the class. They will explain the order of the Protists and justify their placement based on the characteristics described. (Estimated time: 3 - 5 minutes per group)

Activity 2: "Protista Pictionary" (10 - 13 minutes)

1. The teacher provides each group with a set of index cards containing the names of different Protists from the video and the teacher's additional resources.

2. One member from each group will draw a card and silently draw the Protist on a whiteboard at the front of the class. The rest of the group members will try to guess the Protist based on the drawing.

3. The first group to correctly guess the Protist gets a point. The game continues until all the cards have been drawn or the allotted time for the activity has ended.

4. The group with the most points at the end of the game wins a small prize, such as a sticker or a piece of candy.

By the end of the in-class activities, the students should have a solid understanding of the characteristics and diversity of Kingdom Protista. They will also have had an opportunity to collaborate with their peers, be creative, and have fun while learning.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

The teacher will:

1. Invite each group to present their "Protista Parade" and share their learning experience. Each group will have up to 3 minutes to present their work, explaining the order of the Protists and justifying their placement based on the characteristics described. The rest of the class will have an opportunity to ask questions or provide feedback. (Estimated time: 5 - 6 minutes)

2. Facilitate a discussion on the connections between the in-class activities, the theory learned from the pre-class video, and the real-world significance of Kingdom Protista. The teacher can ask questions such as:

   • "How did the 'Protista Parade' activity help you understand the diversity of Kingdom Protista?"
   • "What did you learn from the 'Protista Pictionary' game that you didn't know before?"
   • "Can you think of any examples of Protists that you might encounter in your everyday life?" (Estimated time: 2 - 3 minutes)

3. Encourage students to reflect on their learning by asking them to write brief answers to the following questions in their notebooks:

   • "What was the most important concept you learned today about Kingdom Protista?"
   • "What questions do you still have about Kingdom Protista?" (Estimated time: 1 - 2 minutes)

4. Collect the students' written reflections at the end of the class. These reflections can provide valuable feedback for the teacher and guide future lessons. (Estimated time: 1 minute)

By the end of the feedback stage, the students should have a clear understanding of the main concepts of Kingdom Protista, their relevance, and how they are connected to real-world examples. They should also have a sense of what they have learned and what they still need to explore further.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

The teacher will:

1. Summarize the key points from the lesson, reinforcing the unique characteristics of Kingdom Protista and the various types of organisms that belong to this kingdom. The teacher will also recap the main activities of the lesson, such as the "Protista Parade" and the "Protista Pictionary," and how they helped the students understand and remember the topic. (Estimated time: 2 - 3 minutes)

2. Suggest additional resources for the students to further explore the world of Kingdom Protista. These could include documentaries, online articles, or interactive websites that provide more in-depth information and activities on the topic. The teacher can also recommend a book or two on Protists for those students who are particularly interested in the subject. (Estimated time: 1 - 2 minutes)

3. Discuss the importance of Kingdom Protista in everyday life, drawing on the examples mentioned in the introduction, as well as any new insights gained from the students' activities and discussions. The teacher might mention how Protists play a crucial role in marine and freshwater ecosystems, how they are used in the production of food and other products, and how they can cause diseases in humans and other animals. (Estimated time: 1 - 2 minutes)

4. Encourage the students to reflect on the lesson and what they have learned. The teacher can pose questions such as:

   • "What was the most surprising thing you learned today about Kingdom Protista?"
   • "Which activity did you enjoy the most, and why?"
   • "What questions do you still have about Kingdom Protista?" (Estimated time: 1 - 2 minutes)

By the end of the conclusion, the students should have a comprehensive understanding of Kingdom Protista, its importance, and its relevance to their lives. They should also be aware of the resources available for further exploration and feel encouraged to continue learning about this fascinating kingdom of life.