Lesson Plan | Lesson Plan Tradisional | Organic Functions: Ketone Nomenclature

Objectives

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

This stage of the lesson plan aims to outline clear and specific expectations for student learning throughout the lesson. Understanding these objectives focuses students' attention and lays the foundation for the introduction and development of the content in a structured and effective way.

Objectives Utama:

1. Help students identify and name ketones using IUPAC nomenclature.

2. Distinguish the nomenclature of ketones from other organic compounds.

Introduction

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The objective of this section is to engage and inform students about the topic. By providing context and intriguing facts, we can create a positive learning atmosphere that ignites students' interest and prepares them for a comprehensive understanding of ketone nomenclature.

Did you know?

Did you know that acetone, a simple ketone, is commonly used as a solvent in nail polish removers? Moreover, ketones like 2-pentanone are present in fruits, such as apples, giving them their unique aroma. These examples demonstrate how ketones are woven into our everyday lives, often without us even realizing it.

Contextualization

To kick off the class on ketone nomenclature, it's crucial to set the stage by highlighting the importance of organic compounds in both chemistry and daily life. Ketones are a prevalent functional group found in various natural and synthetic products, ranging from solvents and fragrances to some foods. It's important to discuss organic chemistry and the correct naming of these compounds to grasp their properties and applications.

Concepts

Duration: 50 to 60 minutes

The aim of this segment of the lesson plan is to deepen students' grasp of ketone nomenclature by offering thorough explanations and practical examples. Addressing specific topics and discussing questions during class enables students to apply IUPAC nomenclature rules for ketones and differentiate these compounds from other functional groups, like aldehydes.

Relevant Topics

1. Definition of Ketones

2. Explain that ketones are organic compounds featuring a carbonyl group (C=O) linked to two carbon atoms.

3. General Structure of Ketones

4. Sketch the general structural formula of a ketone: R-CO-R'. Clarify that R and R' represent alkyl or aryl groups.

5. IUPAC Nomenclature for Ketones

6. Elaborate on the IUPAC rules for naming ketones: Identify the longest chain that includes the carbonyl group and number it such that the carbonyl receives the lowest number possible. The suffix '-one' is then added to the name of the corresponding alkane.

7. Examples of IUPAC Nomenclature

8. Provide specific examples: propan-2-one (acetone), butan-2-one, pentan-2-one. Include the structural formula and IUPAC name for each example.

9. Difference Between Ketones and Aldehydes

10. Clarify that, unlike ketones, aldehydes have the carbonyl group connected to a hydrogen atom (R-CHO). Offer examples of aldehydes for comparison.

To Reinforce Learning

1. What is the IUPAC name of the ketone with the structural formula CH3-CO-CH3?

2. What is the IUPAC name for the ketone with the structural formula CH3-CH2-CO-CH3?

3. Sketch the structure of pentan-3-one and name it according to IUPAC nomenclature.

Feedback

Duration: 15 to 20 minutes

This section of the lesson plan aims to solidify student learning by reviewing and discussing the answers to the questions from the Development stage. This time allows students to demonstrate their understanding of the content, clarify any uncertainties, and enhance their capability to apply IUPAC nomenclature rules for ketones.

Diskusi Concepts

1. What is the IUPAC name of the ketone with the structural formula CH3-CO-CH3?

Answer: propan-2-one (acetone). The longest chain containing the carbonyl group is a three-carbon chain. The carbonyl group resides on carbon 2, and the suffix '-one' is added to the name of the corresponding alkane, which is propane. Consequently, the IUPAC name is propan-2-one, commonly known as acetone. 2. What is the IUPAC name for the ketone with the structural formula CH3-CH2-CO-CH3?

Answer: butan-2-one. The longest chain that includes the carbonyl group is a four-carbon chain. The carbonyl group needs to hold the lowest possible number, which is 2 in this case. So, the IUPAC name is butan-2-one. 3. Sketch the structure of pentan-3-one and name it correctly according to IUPAC nomenclature.

Answer: Pentan-3-one has the following structure: CH3-CH2-CO-CH2-CH3. The longest chain containing the carbonyl group is five carbons long. The carbonyl group sits on carbon 3, and the suffix '-one' is added, resulting in the name pentan-3-one.

Engaging Students

1. What distinguishes the nomenclature of ketones from that of aldehydes? 2. Why is it vital for the carbonyl group to hold the lowest possible number in the chain? 3. How would you name a ketone with the structural formula CH3-CO-CH2-CH3? 4. Sketch the structure of hexan-2-one and provide its name. 5. Discuss why ketones exhibit different physical and chemical properties compared to aldehydes.

Conclusion

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

This final section of the lesson plan aims to consolidate students' acquired knowledge, summarizing key points and stressing the practical significance of the topic. This review serves to reinforce learning and resolve any lingering doubts, ensuring students leave the class with a solid grasp of the content.

Summary

['Definition of ketones as organic compounds that include a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to two carbon atoms.', "General structural formula of ketones: R-CO-R'.", "IUPAC nomenclature rules for ketones: identify the longest carbon chain with the carbonyl group and number it so that the carbonyl group receives the lowest possible number, with the suffix '-one' added.", 'Practical examples of IUPAC nomenclature for ketones, such as propan-2-one (acetone), butan-2-one, and pentan-2-one.', 'Difference between ketones and aldehydes, emphasizing that aldehydes have the carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen (R-CHO).']

Connection

Throughout the lesson, theory was linked to practice through straightforward examples of IUPAC nomenclature for ketones. Guided problem-solving enabled students to apply nomenclature rules practically, reinforcing their comprehension of the theoretical concepts presented.

Theme Relevance

Studying ketones is pertinent to everyday life, as they are found in numerous common items, such as solvents, fragrances, and food products. For instance, acetone is used in nail polish removers, and some ketones lend unique aromas to fruits like apples. Understanding the nomenclature and properties of ketones enhances our knowledge of products we use on a daily basis.