Lesson Plan Teknis | Thermochemistry: Enthalpy by Bonding

Objective

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This lesson plan stage aims to provide students with a fundamental understanding of enthalpy and its calculation through bond energies. This knowledge is essential for cultivating practical skills valued in various careers, particularly in fields like chemical engineering, research and development, and industrial processes. By linking theory with its real-world applications, students will be empowered to leverage their theoretical knowledge in real-life scenarios and tackle complex challenges, improving their employability for future careers.

Objective Utama:

1. Understand the concept of enthalpy and its significance in chemical reactions.

2. Learn to calculate the enthalpy of a chemical reaction using the bond energies of reactants and products.

Objective Sampingan:

1. Enhance problem-solving skills and the application of mathematical calculations in chemistry.
2. Encourage critical thinking and the assessment of experimental data.

Introduction

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The goal of this stage is to help students appreciate the significance of thermochemistry, sparking their interest by demonstrating direct links to real-world applications and career opportunities. This introduction lays the groundwork for better understanding the relevance of the upcoming teachings and motivates students to engage in the following activities.

Curiosities and Market Connection

Did you know that thermochemistry is crucial in the fuel sector? The efficiency of fuels hinges on the energy they emit during combustion. Furthermore, thermochemistry plays a key role in materials engineering, aiding in the development of new materials with specific traits like heat resistance. Tech companies even apply these principles for better and safer batteries in electronic gadgets.

Contextualization

Thermochemistry is an intriguing branch of chemistry that explores the energy changes during chemical reactions. Think about cooking: the heat from the stove transfers to the pot and then to the food, leading to chemical changes that transform ingredients into a meal. Likewise, chemical reactions release or absorb energy, and enthalpy quantifies this energy exchange. Grasping these exchanges is vital not just in chemistry, but also in various technological and industrial contexts.

Initial Activity

Kick off the lesson with a brief 3-minute video showcasing fuel combustion and the energy released. After watching, pose this thought-provoking question to students: 'How do you think scientists determine the energy released in a chemical reaction?'. This encourages curiosity and sets the tone for the lesson's content.

Development

Duration: (50 - 55 minutes)

This stage aims to reinforce theoretical knowledge with engaging and challenging activities that promote critical thinking and the practical application of learned concepts. Students will cultivate essential job market skills like problem-solving, data analysis, and teamwork.

Topics

1. Concept of enthalpy

2. Bond energies

3. Calculating the enthalpy of a chemical reaction

4. Industrial applications of thermochemistry

Thoughts on the Subject

Encourage students to ponder how thermochemistry knowledge applies to everyday situations and industry practices. Ask them how understanding energy exchanges in chemical reactions can impact energy efficiency in industrial processes and the creation of new materials.

Mini Challenge

Maker Challenge: Crafting a Chemical Reaction Model

Students will build a physical model representing a chemical reaction using simple materials like foam balls to signify atoms and toothpicks for chemical bonds. They will then calculate the enthalpy of the reaction illustrated by the model, using the provided bond energies.

1. Divide the class into groups of 3 to 4 students.

2. Hand out materials like foam balls in different colors (to represent different elements) and toothpicks (for chemical bonds).

3. Each group will select a straightforward chemical reaction to model, such as the combustion of methane (CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O).

4. Students need to create a physical representation of the chosen reaction using foam balls and toothpicks for the reactants and products.

5. After completing the model, provide a table with the bond energies for the students to calculate the enthalpy of the reaction. Guide them in calculating the enthalpy for both the reactants and products, then find the difference.

6. Each group should present their model and explain their calculations.

Enhance practical and experimental skills while deepening the understanding of calculating enthalpy through bond energies.

**Duration: (30 - 40 minutes)

Evaluation Exercises

1. Calculate the enthalpy of the following reaction: H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl, using these bond energies: H-H: 436 kJ/mol, Cl-Cl: 243 kJ/mol, H-Cl: 431 kJ/mol.

2. Discuss how the enthalpy of a reaction can affect the selection of fuels concerning energy efficiency.

3. Provide an example of thermochemistry application in the materials industry and elaborate on its significance.

Conclusion

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

This stage's goal is to solidify learning while encouraging profound reflection on the topics discussed and their real-world applications. By engaging in discussion and recapping the essential points, students can reinforce their knowledge and comprehend the relevance of this subject for their future careers and everyday life.

Discussion

Guide students to discuss their perspectives on how thermochemistry and enthalpy calculations can be applied in various contexts, both personally and professionally. Facilitate a conversation about the issues faced during the maker challenge and how they addressed them, promoting idea sharing and self-reflection on the learning experience. Urge students to think of additional applications of thermochemistry not covered in class and how understanding enthalpy can guide decisions in sectors like engineering, fuel, and material development.

Summary

Recap the key points discussed in the lesson, such as enthalpy, bond energies, calculating reaction enthalpy, and its practical applications. Emphasize the relevance of thermochemistry in both industry and daily life, underscoring that energy exchanges in chemical reactions are foundational for technological and industrial processes. Highlight how the enthalpy calculations performed during the lesson can be meaningful in real-world contexts.

Closing

Illustrate the importance of understanding enthalpy and bond energies across various professions, equipping students to meet challenges in the job market. Stress the need to develop practical and experimental skills, as honed in the lesson, for addressing complex issues and fostering innovation in various fields. Conclude by emphasizing how the knowledge gained can contribute to promoting energy efficiency and sustainability in numerous applications.