Lesson Plan | Lesson Plan Tradisional | Organic Functions: Ester Nomenclature

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This stage aims to provide students with a clear and focused understanding of the lesson's objectives. By setting out what is expected for them to grasp and accomplish by the lesson's end, students can concentrate their efforts more effectively. This foundation paves the way for further learning and ensures that everyone is on the same page concerning the lesson's aims.

Objectives Utama:

1. Identify and accurately name esters using IUPAC nomenclature.

2. Differentiate between the nomenclature of esters and other organic compounds.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The aim here is to pique students' interest and contextualize the significance of the topic. By relating the content to real-world examples and intriguing facts, a deeper and more engaging connection is forged, making it easier for students to retain the information. This introduction also sets the stage for the more technical aspects that will follow, ensuring students are engaged and prepared to delve into the intricate details of ester nomenclature.

Did you know?

An interesting tidbit is that esters are what give us many of the natural scents and tastes we love. For instance, the aroma of a green apple or the flavor of pineapple is produced by different esters. Furthermore, many esters are employed in the food sector to create synthetic flavors, like strawberry essence in chocolates and gummies. This illustrates how organic chemistry is intricately linked to our lives, influencing everything from what we eat to what we scent.

Contextualization

To kick off the lesson on ester nomenclature, introduce students to the significance of organic compounds in both chemistry and our daily lives. Explain that esters form a vital functional group found in many commonly used products, including perfumes, artificial flavorings, and some medications. Emphasize that organic chemistry is crucial for crafting new materials and compounds that benefit society. By grasping ester nomenclature, students will learn to identify and distinguish these compounds from others, which is essential for exams and future practical applications, especially for those considering careers in science or engineering.

Concepts

Duration: (30 - 40 minutes)

This stage aims to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of ester nomenclature, ensuring that students comprehend IUPAC naming rules and can apply them in identifying and naming various esters. Solving practical problems will reinforce their learning and boost their confidence in applying the content.

Relevant Topics

1. Definition of Esters: Clarify that esters are organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids, where the hydrogen from the carboxyl group is substituted with an alkyl or aryl group. The general formula for esters is R-COO-R'.

2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Esters: Explain that the naming of esters starts with the alkyl group (R') linked to the oxygen, followed by the corresponding carboxylic acid, with the ending 'ate'. For example, the ester formed from acetic acid and ethanol is referred to as ethyl acetate.

3. Examples of Nomenclature: Offer various examples of esters, such as methyl formate (H-COO-CH3), ethyl propanoate (CH3-CH2-COO-CH2-CH3), and methyl butanoate (CH3-CH2-CH2-COO-CH3). Explain each one in detail, displaying the structure and naming process.

4. Difference between Esters and Other Organic Compounds: Describe how to differentiate esters from other organic compounds like alcohols, carboxylic acids, and ethers. Emphasize the structural traits and distinct nomenclature associated with each functional group.

5. Applications of Esters: Briefly address some uses of esters in daily life, particularly in fragrances, artificial flavorings, and medications. Highlight how the chemistry of esters is leveraged in various industries for manufacturing everyday items.

To Reinforce Learning

1. Identify the ester formed from butanoic acid and methanol.

2. Contrast the structure of an ester with that of an ether, emphasizing the functional groups in each.

3. Given the compound CH3-CH2-COO-CH2-CH3, determine its correct IUPAC name.

Feedback

Duration: (20 - 30 minutes)

This stage intends to consolidate students' understanding of ester nomenclature through a detailed discussion of the resolved questions. By engaging students in reflective inquiry, a deeper comprehension of the content is achieved, along with encouragement of critical thinking and practical application of their knowledge.

Diskusi Concepts

1. 📘 Question 1: Identify the ester formed from butanoic acid and methanol.

To name the ester, first identify the alkyl group linked to the oxygen, which is methanol, giving us 'methyl'. Next, name the carboxylic acid, which is butanoic acid, substituting the suffix 'ic' with 'ate', resulting in 'butanoate'. Therefore, the ester is named methyl butanoate.

2. 📘 Question 2: Contrast the structure of an ester with that of an ether.

Explain that esters have the general formula R-COO-R', where a carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to an oxygen linked to an alkyl or aryl group. Ethers possess the general formula R-O-R', where an oxygen connects two alkyl or aryl groups, without a carbonyl group. The main distinction lies in the presence of the carbonyl group in esters.

3. 📘 Question 3: Given the compound CH3-CH2-COO-CH2-CH3, determine its correct IUPAC name.

To name this ester, begin by identifying the alkyl group linked to the oxygen, which is the ethyl group (CH2-CH3). Then, name the corresponding carboxylic acid, which is propanoic acid (CH3-CH2-COOH), replacing the 'ic' with 'ate', resulting in 'propanoate'. Thus, the ester is ethyl propanoate.

Engaging Students

1. 💡 Question 1: Why is it crucial to differentiate esters from other organic compounds in the study of organic chemistry? 2. 💡 Question 2: How can understanding ester nomenclature be practically useful, for instance in identifying fragrances or artificial flavors? 3. 💡 Question 3: Can you think of a product you use regularly that may contain esters? What is the name of the ester in that product and what is its role? 4. 💡 Reflection: How can your knowledge of ester nomenclature benefit you in your future academic or professional pursuits?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The aim of this stage is to reinforce students' learning by summarizing the main points discussed throughout the lesson and underscoring the practical significance of the subject matter. This helps consolidate knowledge and highlights the relevance of the topic to daily life and future academic or professional endeavours.

Summary

['Definition of esters as compounds originating from carboxylic acids.', 'IUPAC naming conventions for esters, including the identification of the alkyl group and its corresponding acid.', 'Specific examples of ester nomenclature, including methyl formate and ethyl propanoate.', 'Structural and nomenclatural distinctions between esters and other organic compounds like alcohols, carboxylic acids, and ethers.', 'Practical applications of esters in fragrances, synthetic flavors, and pharmaceuticals.']

Connection

The lesson connected theoretical knowledge with practical application by clearly illustrating how to name esters and discussing their everyday uses. Students were able to appreciate the practicality of the knowledge acquired, especially in industries such as food and pharmaceuticals, where ester chemistry plays a significant role.

Theme Relevance

The topic of ester nomenclature holds importance in students' daily lives, since esters are present in numerous products, ranging from food to fragrances. For example, the smell of a green apple or the flavor of pineapple arises from specific esters. Understanding ester chemistry enriches their comprehension of these items and their compositions.