Rencana Pelajaran | Rencana Pelajaran Tradisional | Organic Functions: Nomenclature of Nitrile and Isonitrile

Tujuan

Durasi: (10 - 15 minutes)

This stage aims to ensure that students have a crystal-clear understanding of the lesson's objectives, laying a strong foundation for acquiring necessary knowledge. By clearly defining the objectives, students will know what is expected of them, and how they'll achieve it during the lesson, making the whole learning process more focused and effective.

Tujuan Utama:

1. Help students accurately name organic compounds known as nitriles and isonitriles.

2. Enable students to identify and distinguish nitriles and isonitriles from other organic compounds.

Pendahuluan

Durasi: (10 - 15 minutes)

This part of the lesson serves to place the topic in context and ignite students' interest by connecting the content with real-world applications, showing them the practical significance of what they are learning. By providing relatable context and interesting facts, students can better appreciate the importance of their studies, which in turn boosts their engagement.

Tahukah kamu?

Did you know that nitriles are often involved in the production of plastics and synthetic fibers like nylon? Some nitriles are also present in essential medications such as lidocaine, which is used as a local anesthetic. Conversely, isonitriles have important uses in organic synthesis as intermediates in complex chemical reactions.

Kontekstualisasi

To kick off the lesson on the Nomenclature of Nitriles and Isonitriles, explain that we're discussing organic compounds with specific functional groups. Nitriles are those compounds containing the -C≡N functional group, whereas isonitriles have the -N≡C functional group. These are commonly used in various industries and pharmaceuticals, playing a vital role in the creation of materials and medications.

Konsep

Durasi: (50 - 60 minutes)

This stage's goal is to furnish an in-depth understanding of nitriles and isonitriles, including their structures, nomenclature, and properties. By elaborating on each topic and providing practical examples, students will effectively differentiate these compounds and apply this knowledge in both academic and practical settings. Answering the questions will help students reinforce their learning and practice nomenclature rules, as well as recognizing structures.

Topik Relevan

1. Definition and Structure of Nitriles: Explain that nitriles are organic compounds featuring the -C≡N functional group. Elaborate on the structure of this group and its connection to the molecule. Provide straightforward examples of nitriles, such as acetonitrile (CH3CN).

2. Nomenclature of Nitriles according to IUPAC: Outline the IUPAC rules for naming nitriles. Clarify that the name is derived from the respective alkane by altering the ending 'o' to 'nitrile'. For instance, ethane becomes ethanonitrile. Share additional examples and encourage students to jot down notes.

3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Nitriles: Discuss the physical properties (like boiling and melting points) and chemical properties of nitriles, including their polarity and solubility. Give relatable examples of how these properties affect their use in industries and pharmaceuticals.

4. Definition and Structure of Isonitriles: Describe how isonitriles consist of the -N≡C functional group. Explain the configuration of this group and how it varies from nitriles. Present simple examples of isonitriles, such as methylisonitrile (CH3N≡C).

5. Nomenclature of Isonitriles according to IUPAC: Explain the IUPAC rules for naming isonitriles, noting that the name combines the prefix of the alkyl group followed by the term 'isonitrile'. For example, methyl becomes methylisonitrile. Give more examples and ask students to write down notes.

6. Physical and Chemical Properties of Isonitriles: Talk about the physical and chemical properties of isonitriles, such as their unique odor and reactivity. Elaborate on the usage of isonitriles in organic synthesis and specific reactions.

7. Differences between Nitriles and Isonitriles: Show comparisons between nitriles and isonitriles, stressing the differences in their structures, nomenclature, and properties, using examples to make these distinctions clear.

Untuk Memperkuat Pembelajaran

1. 1. Name the following compounds according to IUPAC nomenclature: a. CH3CH2CN b. CH3CH2NC

2. 2. Describe the primary structural difference between a nitrile and an isonitrile. Why does this difference matter?

3. 3. Identify three physical properties of nitriles and compare them with the physical properties of isonitriles.

Umpan Balik

Durasi: (20 - 25 minutes)

This stage aims to help students consolidate the knowledge they've gained during the lesson, allowing them to reflect on their answers and expand their understanding of the discussed concepts. Through engaging discussions, students can strengthen their skills in nomenclature and distinguish between nitriles and isonitriles while fostering a greater appreciation for the practical applications of these compounds.

Diskusi Konsep

1. 1. Name the following compounds according to IUPAC nomenclature: a. CH3CH2CN → Propanonitrile b. CH3CH2NC → Ethylisonitrile Explain that compound (a) is a nitrile, with the -C≡N functional group attached to a three-carbon chain, whereas compound (b) is an isonitrile, where the -N≡C functional group is linked to a two-carbon chain. 2. 2. Explain the primary structural difference between a nitrile and an isonitrile. Why does this difference matter? The key structural difference lies in that nitriles have the functional group -C≡N, while isonitriles have -N≡C. This difference is paramount as it affects the compounds' reactivity and physical properties. Generally, nitriles are more polar and possess higher boiling points than isonitriles. 3. 3. Identify three physical properties of nitriles and compare them with those of isonitriles. Nitriles tend to have higher boiling points, are generally more polar, and more water-soluble compared to isonitriles. Isonitriles may have a strong, unpleasant odor and are less polar.

Melibatkan Siswa

1. ✨ Questions and Reflections to Engage Students ✨ 2. 1. How does the polarity of nitriles enhance their importance in the pharmaceutical realm? 3. 2. In what ways can the presence of the functional group -N≡C in isonitriles influence their applications in organic synthesis? 4. 3. In groups, discuss how organic compound nomenclature aids in scientific communication and the innovation of new materials.

Kesimpulan

Durasi: (5 - 10 minutes)

This stage's goal is to summarize and reinforce the main points presented during the lesson, boosting students' retention of learning material. It also seeks to bridge the gap between theory and practice, illustrating the significance of the discussed concepts and engaging students by highlighting the topic's importance in real-world scenarios.

Ringkasan

['Definition and Structure of Nitriles: Nitriles have the functional group -C≡N.', "Nomenclature of Nitriles according to IUPAC: The name comes from the corresponding alkane by changing the ending 'o' to 'nitrile'.", 'Physical and Chemical Properties of Nitriles: Nitriles are polar and have elevated boiling points.', 'Definition and Structure of Isonitriles: Isonitriles possess the functional group -N≡C.', "Nomenclature of Isonitriles according to IUPAC: The name is constructed by combining the prefix of the alkyl group with 'isonitrile'.", 'Physical and Chemical Properties of Isonitriles: Isonitriles are known for their strong smell and are less polar.', 'Differences between Nitriles and Isonitriles: Structural, nomenclature, and property differences.']

Koneksi

The lesson effectively linked theory with real-world applications by discussing nitriles and isonitriles within industrial and pharmaceutical contexts. Practical illustrations, such as the role of nitriles in plastic manufacturing and isonitriles in organic synthesis, underscored their relevance.

Relevansi Tema

This subject matters in everyday life as nitriles and isonitriles see widespread utility in various sectors, including pharmaceuticals and materials. For example, acetonitrile is a common solvent in labs, and lidocaine is a known local anesthetic. Grasping the chemistry behind these compounds paves the way for advancements in science and technology.