Lesson Plan | Lesson Plan Tradisional | Organic Functions: Organic Halide

Objectives

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The aim of this section is to provide a straightforward overview of the lesson objectives regarding organic halides. This will help students know what to expect and understand the significance of the material to be covered. Outlining these objectives at the beginning of the lesson sets a context that aids the grasping of new concepts and encourages more focused and effective learning.

Objectives Utama:

1. Explain what organic halides are and how they differ from other organic compounds.

2. Describe the physical and chemical properties of organic halides.

3. Demonstrate how to identify organic halides in molecular structures.

Introduction

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The aim of this stage is to provide context for the lesson topic to pique students' interest and curiosity. By showcasing everyday examples and practical uses, the teacher makes the content more accessible and relevant, facilitating a better understanding of the upcoming concepts. This introduction sets the groundwork for more engaged learning.

Did you know?

Did you know that organic halides play a significant role in refrigeration systems and as industrial solvents? Additionally, some halogenated compounds are crucial in the pharmaceutical industry and in synthesizing plastic materials. For example, Teflon, often used in non-stick cookware, is a polymer that incorporates fluorine atoms.

Contextualization

Begin the lesson by explaining that organic compounds are the backbone of organic chemistry and constitute most substances we encounter in our daily lives, from the food we consume to the medicines we rely on. Introduce organic halides as a specific type of these compounds, where one or more hydrogen atoms are swapped with halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). Use relatable examples like chloroform (CHCl₃) and dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) to illustrate this concept. Stress the importance of these compounds in both industrial settings and daily life, highlighting their unique properties that render them beneficial in various applications.

Concepts

Duration: 50 - 60 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' understanding of organic halides, thoroughly addressing their definitions, classifications, properties, reactions, and applications. By the end of this section, students should be adept at identifying, naming, and comprehending the main properties and reactivities of organic halides, as well as recognizing their practical uses.

Relevant Topics

1. Definition of Organic Halides: Explain that organic halides are organic compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine).

2. Classification of Organic Halides: Describe the various classifications of organic halides (primary, secondary, and tertiary) based on the position of the halogen in the carbon chain.

3. Nomenclature of Organic Halides: Elaborate on the IUPAC rules for naming organic halides, providing practical examples like bromomethane (CH₃Br) and dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂).

4. Physical and Chemical Properties: Discuss the physical properties (boiling and melting points, solubility) and chemical properties (reactivity) of organic halides. Explain how the presence of halogens affects these properties.

5. Reactions of Organic Halides: Describe the main reactions involving organic halides, such as nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. Use practical examples to illustrate each type of reaction.

6. Applications and Importance of Organic Halides: Emphasize the industrial and everyday uses of organic halides, such as in the production of solvents, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic materials.

To Reinforce Learning

1. How would you classify the compound CH₃CH₂Cl as primary, secondary, or tertiary halide? Please explain your reasoning.

2. Write the molecular formula and IUPAC name for an alkyl halide that has a bromine atom attached to a secondary carbon.

3. Differentiate between a nucleophilic substitution reaction and an elimination reaction in organic halides, providing an example of each.

Feedback

Duration: 20 - 25 minutes

🎯 Purpose: The purpose of this stage is to revisit and solidify the knowledge gained during the lesson, offering students a moment to clarify doubts and deepen their understanding through guided discussions. This feedback is vital for ensuring that students internalize the concepts and can apply them thoughtfully and analytically, fostering an interactive and collaborative learning environment.

Diskusi Concepts

1. 🔍 Explanation of the Questions: 2. Classification of Compound CH₃CH₂Cl: CH₃CH₂Cl is categorized as a primary halide because the chlorine atom is connected to a carbon that is attached to only one other carbon. Understanding this classification is essential for grasping the reactivity and behavior of the compound in various chemical contexts. 3. Molecular Formula and IUPAC Name: An example of an alkyl halide with a bromine atom bonded to a secondary carbon is CH₃CHBrCH₃. The corresponding IUPAC name for this compound is 2-bromopropane. Understanding this structure is vital for students to learn how to accurately name compounds in accordance with IUPAC guidelines. 4. Difference between Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination: In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile displaces the halogen in the organic halide, just like in the reaction of CH₃CH₂Cl with NaOH, producing ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) and NaCl. In contrast, elimination involves the organic halide losing both a halogen and a hydrogen to form a double bond, for instance, in the reaction of CH₃CH₂Br with KOH, yielding ethylene (CH₂=CH₂) and KBr. Grasping these distinctions aids students in predicting the products of reactions and understanding the underlying mechanisms.

Engaging Students

1. ❓ Questions and Reflections for Student Engagement: 2. Why is it crucial to know whether an organic halide is primary, secondary, or tertiary? 3. How can the presence of different halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) affect the physical and chemical properties of organic halides? 4. What could be the environmental repercussions of the extensive use of organic halides in industries and common household products? 5. Look into a specific organic halide used in medicines and discuss its significance and application. 6. Debate how nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions may be applied in critical industrial processes.

Conclusion

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The aim of this stage is to review and cement the main takeaways from the lesson, reinforcing students' understanding and underscoring the practical and theoretical significance of organic halides. This conclusion aims to solidify the core content and demonstrate the relevance of the topic to everyday life and various industrial applications.

Summary

['Definition of organic halides as compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine).', 'Classification of organic halides into primary, secondary, and tertiary.', 'IUPAC rules for the naming of organic halides.', 'Physical and chemical properties of organic halides and the effect of halogens.', 'Key reactions involving organic halides: nucleophilic substitution and elimination.', 'Industrial and everyday applications of organic halides.']

Connection

The lesson linked the theory of organic halides with practical examples from everyday life, such as chloroform and Teflon, and examined their industrial uses, demonstrating how their unique properties are leveraged in different fields, from manufacturing medicines to producing plastics.

Theme Relevance

Studying organic halides is crucial for understanding the chemistry of many products we utilize regularly, like solvents and refrigerants. Moreover, comprehending their properties and reactions is essential for developing new materials and medicines, making this knowledge significantly relevant in daily life and industry.