Lesson Plan | Lesson Plan Tradisional | Organic Functions: Organic Salt Nomenclature

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This stage aims to give students a concise overview of the lesson's content, underlining key points for discussion. This clarity will steer the learning process and focus on naming organic salts, making sure students are ready for the next steps.

Objectives Utama:

1. Introduce the definition and structure of organic salts.

2. Explain the nomenclature of organic salts, highlighting examples like sodium methanoate and potassium propanoate.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This phase serves to ensure students have a clear outline of what will be learned, spotlighting the focal points of the lesson.

Did you know?

Did you know that the salty taste of many processed foods comes from organic salts? Sodium propanoate, for instance, is commonly used as a preservative in bread and baked goods to prevent mold and fungal growth.

Contextualization

To start the lesson on organic salts' nomenclature, it’s vital to explain to students why organic functions are essential in chemistry and our daily lives. Discuss that organic salts are compounds formed from carboxylic acids, where the hydrogen from the carboxyl group is replaced by a metallic cation. Stress that these compounds have extensive uses in sectors like food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

Concepts

Duration: (40 - 50 minutes)

The goal here is to deepen understanding of how to name organic salts. By laying out definitions, nomenclature rules, applicable examples, and guided practice, students will become proficient in identifying and naming organic salts. The questions are designed to reinforce learning and help students apply their knowledge practically.

Relevant Topics

1. Definition and Structure of Organic Salts: Start by defining organic salts as compounds that arise from carboxylic acids, where the hydrogen from the carboxyl group (–COOH) is replaced by a metallic cation. Explain the general structure RCOOM, where R represents the carbon chain and M stands for a metal.

2. Nomenclature of Organic Salts: Describe the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) naming guidelines for organic salts, which involve naming the metallic cation followed by the name of the anion from the carboxylic acid. For example, methanoic acid (formic acid) becomes methanoate; hence, sodium as the metal leads to the name sodium methanoate.

3. Practical Examples: Provide clear examples such as sodium methanoate (HCOONa) and potassium propanoate (CH3CH2COOK). Deconstruct each name into its parts (metallic cation and anion) and clarify how each part derives its name.

4. Applications of Organic Salts: Briefly touch on the common applications of organic salts in various industries. For instance, sodium propanoate serves as a preservative in breads and baked goods.

5. Guided Problem Solving: Present practical problems and work through them methodically with the class. For example, give the formula of an organic salt and assist students in figuring out the correct name, or vice versa.

To Reinforce Learning

1. What is the organic salt produced from the reaction between butanoic acid (C4H8O2) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)?

2. If the chemical formula is CH3COOK, what is the name of this organic salt?

3. Can you illustrate the structural difference between a carboxylic acid and its corresponding organic salt with examples?

Feedback

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

This segment aims to review and reinforce the knowledge gained throughout the lesson, ensuring students grasp the material thoroughly. Engaging in discussions and reflecting on questions will empower them to use the nomenclature of organic salts independently and confidently.

Diskusi Concepts

1. Discussion of Questions: Below are detailed answers for the questions posed in the Development section: 2. 1. What is the organic salt produced from the reaction between butanoic acid (C4H8O2) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2): Butanoic acid reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium butanoate. This can be illustrated as 2 C4H8O2 + Ca(OH)2 → (C4H7COO)2Ca + 2 H2O. Here, the hydrogen from the carboxyl group is substituted by the calcium cation, creating calcium butanoate. 3. 2. If the chemical formula is CH3COOK, what is the name of this organic salt?: The formula CH3COOK corresponds to potassium acetate, derived from acetic acid (CH3COOH), where the hydrogen from the carboxyl group is replaced by the potassium cation. 4. 3. Can you illustrate the structural difference between a carboxylic acid and its corresponding organic salt with examples?: The primary structural distinction between a carboxylic acid and its corresponding organic salt lies in the replacement of the hydrogen from the carboxyl group with a metallic cation. For example, acetic acid (CH3COOH) has a hydrogen atom linked to oxygen in the carboxyl group (-COOH). In sodium acetate (CH3COONa), this hydrogen is replaced by a sodium cation (Na+), resulting in the structure CH3COONa.

Engaging Students

1. Questions and Reflections to Engage Students: 2. 1. How can you spot an organic salt based on its chemical formula? What key elements should you identify? 3. 2. Why are organic salts significant in the food sector? Can you think of other examples apart from sodium propanoate? 4. 3. How could an understanding of organic salt nomenclature come in handy in other branches of chemistry and science? 5. 4. Can you name other examples of organic salts you encounter in daily life? 6. 5. Group Discussion: What hurdles did you face while naming or identifying organic salts? How did you tackle these issues?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This final stage is designed to ensure that students have a comprehensive grasp of the organic salt nomenclature covered in the lesson. Emphasizing the link between theory and practice reinforces their learning and illustrates the topic's relevance.

Summary

['Definition and structure of organic salts as derivatives of carboxylic acids.', 'IUPAC nomenclature standards for organic salts: naming the metallic cation first, followed by the anion.', 'Examples of organic salts like sodium methanoate and potassium propanoate.', 'Discussion on the practical uses of organic salts across various industries.', 'Guided exercises to deepen understanding of organic salt nomenclature.']

Connection

The lesson tied theoretical insights to practical applications by articulating clear nomenclature rules and showcasing specific examples of organic salts. Additionally, students practiced applying this knowledge through exercises while appreciating the real-world implications of these compounds in sectors like food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

Theme Relevance

Understanding organic salts is crucial in everyday life, as these compounds are found in many products we consume and utilize. For example, sodium propanoate is a common preservative in bakery items. Grasping the nomenclature and applications of these salts highlights the significance of chemistry in daily experiences.