Lesson Plan | Lesson Plan Tradisional | Organic Functions: Sulfonated Functions

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This stage aims to provide students with a clear overview of what will be covered in the lesson and the skills they will develop. It sets the stage for students to focus on the most pertinent aspects of the content, which aids in better assimilation and retention of the information. Establishing clear objectives also helps to keep the lesson on track and emphasizes what is most crucial for the students' learning.

Objectives Utama:

1. Recognize and name the key organic sulfur functional groups, such as thiols and thioethers.

2. Identify the physical and chemical properties of organic sulfur functional groups.

3. Understand the significance and applications of sulfur functional groups within the realm of organic chemistry.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This stage aims to provide an engaging and relevant backdrop for the students, preparing them for the content to be addressed in the lesson. By introducing an initial context and sharing intriguing facts, you can capture their attention and encourage their eagerness to learn about sulfur functional groups, thus aiding their understanding of the concepts that will be elaborated on later.

Did you know?

💡 Did you know that the familiar smell of rotten eggs comes from hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a compound of sulfur? Additionally, sulfur compounds play a critical role in the structure of proteins and are utilized in making medicines and cleaning supplies, highlighting their versatility and significance in our daily lives.

Contextualization

To kick off the lesson on Sulfur Functional Groups, it's essential to contextualize the importance of sulfur in organic chemistry for the students. Explain that, similar to oxygen, sulfur is a vital element involved in creating various complex organic molecules. By pointing out that sulfur compounds are a part of numerous everyday aspects, from human biology to the chemical industry, you will help them connect with the topic at hand.

Concepts

Duration: (50 - 60 minutes)

The aim of this stage is to provide a comprehensive and structured overview of sulfur functional groups, allowing students to thoroughly grasp the foundational concepts. This section seeks to ensure that students can identify, name, and appreciate the properties of thiols and thioethers. Engaging problem-solving reinforces this content and provides opportunities for students to apply their knowledge, strengthening their understanding.

Relevant Topics

1. Introduction to Sulfur Functional Groups: Discuss that sulfur functional groups contain sulfur atoms bonded to carbon atoms within their molecular structure. Emphasize the significance of sulfur in organic chemistry and its various industrial uses.

2. Thiol (Mercaptan): Explain that thiols are organic compounds with the functional group -SH (sulfhydryl). Cover the nomenclature process and how they are named by IUPAC, substituting the -ol suffix of the respective alcohol with -thiol. Give examples like ethanethiol (CH3CH2SH).

3. Properties of Thiols: Outline the physical properties of thiols, including their characteristic odour, polarity, and water solubility. Highlight the relevance of thiols in biochemistry, particularly for cysteine, an essential amino acid.

4. Thioether (Sulphide): Define thioethers as compounds with the functional group -S- (sulfide). Explain how thioethers are named based on the alkyl groups bonded to sulfur, such as dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3).

5. Properties of Thioethers: Discuss the physical characteristics of thioethers, such as their lower polarity compared to thiols and their solubility. Elaborate on the applications of thioethers in organic synthesis and fragrances.

6. Comparison between Thiols and Thioethers: Compare the physical and chemical properties of thiols and thioethers, underscoring the differences in reactivity and practical applications for each functional group.

To Reinforce Learning

1. Can you describe the distinction between a thiol and a thioether in respect to molecular structure and nomenclature?

2. Why do thiols have such a distinctive odour, and how does this affect their use in practical applications?

3. How do the solubility properties in water compare between thiols and thioethers, and what accounts for the differences observed?

Feedback

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

This stage is designed to allow students to reflect and consolidate their understanding through discussions of the answers provided to the posed questions. This promotes a deeper comprehension and application of knowledge. Additionally, involving students in reflective practices and further inquiries ensures that all key points are well understood and clarified.

Diskusi Concepts

1. Describe the difference between a thiol and a thioether in terms of molecular structure and nomenclature. Thiols feature the functional group -SH (sulfhydryl), while thioethers contain the functional group -S- (sulfide). In nomenclature, thiols are named by changing the -ol suffix of the corresponding alcohol to -thiol. For instance, methanol (CH3OH) becomes methanethiol (CH3SH). Thioethers, conversely, are named according to the alkyl groups associated with the sulfur atom, as seen in dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3). 2. Explain why thiols have such a characteristic odor and how this influences their detection in practical applications. Thiols possess a potent and unpleasant odour often likened to rotten eggs due to the presence of the -SH group. This distinctive smell is easily detectable even at low concentrations, making thiols useful for identifying natural gas leaks, as mercaptans are added to odourless gas for leak detection. 3. Compare the solubility properties in water between thiols and thioethers, explaining the reasons for the observed differences. Thiols generally exhibit greater solubility in water than thioethers due to the -SH group, which can form hydrogen bonds with water. In contrast, thioethers are less polar and do not form such bonds, leading to lower solubility.

Engaging Students

1. What is the primary difference in reactivity between thiols and thioethers? 2. How does the presence of the -SH functional group affect the physical properties of thiols? 3. Can you offer a real-world example of where thioethers are employed in industry? 4. Why are thiols significant in biochemistry? Please mention a specific example.

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This stage aims to summarize and reinforce the main points discussed during the lesson, enhancing students' comprehension. By highlighting the practical implications and relevance of sulfur compounds, the goal is to boost students' interest and motivation in learning about organic chemistry.

Summary

['Introduction to sulfur functional groups, noting the significance of sulfur in organic chemistry.', 'Definition and nomenclature of thiols, with examples like ethanethiol (CH3CH2SH).', 'Characteristics of thiols, including their distinctive odour, polarity, and solubility in water.', 'Definition and nomenclature of thioethers, using examples like dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3).', 'Characteristics of thioethers, noting their lower polarity and solubility in comparison to thiols.', 'Comparison of the physical and chemical properties of both thiols and thioethers.']

Connection

Throughout the lesson, a strong connection was established between the theory surrounding sulfur functional groups and their real-world applications. Everyday examples were provided, such as the role of thiols in detecting gas leaks and the utility of thioethers in perfumes and organic synthesis, which aids students in comprehending the relevance of the content studied.

Theme Relevance

Sulfur compounds play a crucial role in various aspects of our daily lives, extending from human biology to the chemical manufacturing sector. For example, the smell of thiols detects natural gas leaks and thioethers find use in fragrance production. These examples demonstrate the practical importance of sulfur functional groups, making the study of the topic relevant and meaningful for students.