Lesson Plan | Lesson Plan Iteratif Teachy | Totalitarian Regimes in Europe: Nazism, Fascism, Communism, Salazarism, and Francoism: Review

Goal

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The goal of this lesson plan stage is to create a clear and concise foundation on the main aspects of totalitarian regimes in 20th century Europe. This will enable students to understand the historical significance of these ideologies and the reasons behind their emergence, preparing them for practical activities and deeper discussions throughout the lesson.

Goal Utama:

1. Help students grasp the key totalitarian regimes in Europe during the 20th century, including Nazism, Fascism, Communism, Salazarism, and Francoism.

2. Investigate the motivations and historical contexts that gave rise to these regimes.

Goal Sekunder:

1. Encourage critical thinking about the social, political, and economic impacts of totalitarian regimes.
2. Promote discussions on the historical relevance of these regimes in today's context.

Introduction

Duration: 15 - 20 minutes

This stage aims to engage students from the beginning by linking the study topic to their everyday reality through technology. Asking them to search for engaging facts stirs their curiosity and lays the groundwork for an initial debate where they share prior knowledge. The key questions will steer the discussion and ensure that all crucial aspects of the topic are covered.

Warming Up

Today's lesson is vital for getting a grip on the complexities of the 20th century, particularly in Europe, where various totalitarian regimes shaped politics, the economy, and society. To kick things off, ask students to use their smartphones to find an interesting or surprising fact about one of the totalitarian regimes they previously studied (Nazism, Fascism, Communism, Salazarism, or Francoism). This fact will be shared with the class and set the stage for our discussion.

Initial Thoughts

1. What was the driving force behind the rise of Nazism in Germany?

2. How did Mussolini's Fascism in Italy impact other totalitarian movements across Europe?

3. What were the key characteristics of Soviet Communism and how did it distinguish itself from other regimes?

4. How did Salazarism in Portugal manage to maintain power for so long?

5. What effects did Francoism have on Spanish society?

Development

Duration: 70 - 75 minutes

This lesson stage aims to offer students a practical and meaningful understanding of the themes surrounding 20th century European totalitarian regimes. The activities are designed to engage students actively while fostering a deep and critical grasp of the topic, employing modern digital technologies. These activities encourage creativity, collaboration, and the use of contemporary digital skills to delve into and present complex historical information.

Activity Suggestions

Activity Recommendations

Activity 1 - Historical Influencers 🌟

> Duration: 60 - 70 minutes

- Goal: To comprehend and present the ideologies of totalitarian regimes and their propaganda methods in a practical and contemporary way.

- Deskripsi Activity: In this activity, students will step into the shoes of digital influencers from the 1930s and 40s, aiming to 'market' the ideology of one of the totalitarian regimes of that era. They must create content as if they were actually living in that time, utilizing modern digital tools.

- Instructions:

• Split the class into groups of up to 5 students.

• Each group must select a totalitarian regime (Nazism, Fascism, Communism, Salazarism, Francoism).

• Using smartphones, create a fictitious account on a social media platform (Instagram or TikTok) assuming the role of an influencer from that time.

• Groups must produce 3-5 posts or short videos promoting the ideology of their chosen regime.

• The content should be reflective of the era (considering the technology and communications of the time), but produced with modern tools.

• Each group will present their profiles to the class, detailing their strategies and the historical context of their propaganda.

Activity 2 - Digital Escape Room: Escaping Totalitarianism 🚪🕵️

> Duration: 60 - 70 minutes

- Goal: To build knowledge of totalitarian regimes in an interactive and engaging manner, fostering collaboration and critical thinking.

- Deskripsi Activity: In this activity, students will engage in a digital 'Escape Room' where they'll solve puzzles and historical challenges to escape from a fictional totalitarian regime. The activity will be conducted in a virtual environment set up using Google Forms or a similar platform.

- Instructions:

• Divide students into groups of up to 5.

• Explain the basic rules of the 'Escape Room' and provide the link to access it.

• Students will navigate through various virtual 'rooms', each depicting a phase of totalitarian regimes.

• Each room will contain historical information and challenges related to totalitarian regimes, which they need to solve to progress.

• Use a blend of texts, videos, images, and quizzes for the rooms.

• The group that completes all challenges in the least time will be the winners.

Activity 3 - Twitter Debate: Ideological Conflicts 🐦💬

> Duration: 60 - 70 minutes

- Goal: To foster understanding of the ideologies and conflicts of totalitarian regimes through a simulated debate, promoting research, argumentation, and effective use of digital tools.

- Deskripsi Activity: In this activity, students will simulate a historical debate on Twitter, where they will represent historical figures or fictional citizens from various totalitarian regimes. They will use hashtags, tweets, and threads to either defend or criticize the ideologies of the regimes.

- Instructions:

• Form groups of up to 5 students.

• Each group will choose or be assigned a specific totalitarian regime (Nazism, Fascism, Communism, Salazarism, Francoism).

• Create fictitious Twitter accounts for each group, representing historical figures or citizens of that time.

• Students will conduct research and prepare arguments that a realistic character might use to defend or criticize the regime.

• The debate will take place on Twitter during class, utilizing specific hashtags to organize the content (#TotalitarianDebate, #Nazism, #Fascism, etc.).

• Groups should engage with one another by responding to and discussing each other's posts.

• Post-debate, each group will present a summary of their main arguments and reflections.

Feedback

Duration: 15 - 20 minutes

This stage's purpose is to stimulate critical reflection and deepen understanding of totalitarian regimes in 20th century Europe. The group discussion, followed by the 360° feedback, encourages students to share experiences, listen to diverse viewpoints, and enhance their communication and collaboration skills. This stage is essential for consolidating learning and fostering a more comprehensive and critical understanding of the subject.

Group Discussion

To start the group discussion, direct students that the focus is to share their learnings from the activities and reflect on the different ideologies and their implications. Ask each group for a brief presentation of their creations and highlight key insights gained. Use a script with the following steps: 1) Presentation of the posts or videos created; 2) Reflection on the challenges encountered during production; 3) Discussion on how propaganda was utilized to promote ideologies; 4) Comparison of the ideologies across different regimes.

Reflections

1. What were the significant challenges faced in 'selling' a totalitarian ideology using modern tools? 2. How do propaganda techniques in totalitarian regimes compare to current marketing and communication strategies? 3. What impacts did these regimes have on society, and how are these perceived today?

Feedback 360º

For the 360° feedback stage, explain the importance of providing constructive and respectful feedback. Encourage them to highlight the positive aspects of their peers' work while gently suggesting improvements. Each group should spend a few minutes discussing internally before opening up for individual feedback among group members. Follow the structure: 1) What was done well; 2) What can be improved; 3) Suggestions for future improvement.

Conclusion

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

🎯 Purpose: The aim of this stage is to reinforce the knowledge gained throughout the lesson, linking it to present-day realities and highlighting the practical importance of these themes in students' daily lives. The conclusion intends to emphasize the relevance of learning, illustrating how an understanding of 20th century totalitarian regimes can encourage a more critical and aware mindset in today's world. This reflective moment wraps up the lesson, leaving a lasting impression about the role of history in nurturing informed and responsible citizens. 📖🌟

Summary

Fun Summary 🕹️🎉: Picture yourself playing an exciting video game where each level is dominated by a different totalitarian regime. In Level 1, you tackle the harsh realities of Nazism under Hitler, facing a formidable end boss. Level 2 brings you to Mussolini and Fascism, where you must counter his extensive propaganda. Level 3 plunges you into the world of Communism, solving puzzles to reveal the secrets of the Soviet Union. Level 4 takes you through Salazarism in Portugal, uncovering the mechanisms behind Salazar's prolonged power. Finally, in Level 5, you confront Francoism in Spain, where you'll need to navigate the intricate consequences of that regime. Each level not only tested your skills but also educated you about the historical and social impacts of each regime. Well done, you’ve completed the Totalitarian History game! 🎮✨

World

📅 In Today's World 🌐: Just like in the game, the ideologies and propaganda of 20th century totalitarian regimes continue to have an echo in our contemporary world. Nowadays, we witness leaders and political movements employing similar mass communication and media manipulation strategies to sway public opinion. Understanding these historical regimes equips us to identify and scrutinize these tactics in modern politics, fostering a more observant and critical society. 💬🗣️

Applications

📚 Real-Life Applications 🌍: Grasping the essence of totalitarian regimes and their propaganda is essential for being an informed and critical citizen. These skills are vital for analyzing political speeches, marketing campaigns, and even fake news that can directly shape our perception of reality and influence our choices. Being conscious of history provides us with the tools to prevent repeating past mistakes and to strive for a fairer future. 🔍📊