Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Track and Field

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to provide an overview of what will be learned throughout the lesson. By establishing clear objectives, students will have a more accurate understanding of what is expected of them by the end of the lesson, which facilitates learning and content assimilation.

Main Objectives

1. Recognize the main events in athletics: sprints, race walking, throws, and jumps.

2. Understand the basic rules of each athletics event.

3. Identify the physical impacts of these events on the human body.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to spark students' interest and curiosity about athletics, creating a connection between the lesson content and the historical and contemporary context of the sport. By presenting historical information and curiosities, students may feel more engaged and motivated to learn about the different events in athletics.

Context

Today, the lesson will focus on one of the oldest and most traditional sports in the world: athletics. Since ancient Greece, athletics has been a way of celebrating human physical abilities, with events that test strength, speed, endurance, and precision. Athletics consists of several events, including sprints, race walking, throws, and jumps, each with its own characteristics and rules. Throughout this lesson, each of these events will be explored, allowing students to understand the diversity and complexity of this fascinating sport.

Curiosities

Did you know that the first record of an athletics competition dates back to 776 BC, during the ancient Greek Olympics? Moreover, athletics is one of the most democratic sports, as it does not require expensive or sophisticated equipment. Just a pair of sneakers and the willingness to run, jump, or throw is enough.

Development

Duration: (40 - 50 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to provide a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the main athletics events, their rules, and techniques. By addressing each event in depth, students will be able to recognize the specificities of each event and understand the physical impacts on the human body, enriching their knowledge and appreciation for the sport.

Covered Topics

1. Sprints: Explain the different types of sprints, such as short sprints (100m, 200m, 400m), middle-distance (800m, 1500m), and long-distance (5000m, 10000m, marathon). Detail the basic rules, such as the importance of the start, the use of lanes, and running technique. 2. Race Walking: Describe the characteristics of race walking, including the rule that requires one foot to remain in contact with the ground at all times and that the supporting leg must be straight when the foot hits the ground. Mention common distances, such as 20 km and 50 km. 3. Throws: Present the main throwing events: shot put, discus throw, hammer throw, and javelin throw. Explain the basic techniques and rules for each event, such as the throwing area and the correct way to throw. 4. Jumps: Detail the jumping events: high jump, pole vault, long jump, and triple jump. Explain the techniques for each jump, the basic rules, and the importance of the take-off and landing phases. 5. Impacts on the Human Body: Discuss the effects of the different athletics events on the human body, such as the development of cardiovascular endurance in long-distance running, muscle strength and explosiveness in throwing and jumping, and technique and coordination in race walking.

Classroom Questions

1. 1. What are the main differences between sprints, middle-distance, and long-distance running? 2. 2. Explain the fundamental rule of race walking and why it is important. 3. 3. Compare the techniques used in long jump and triple jump, highlighting their main differences.

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the content learned, ensuring that students understand the main athletics events and their rules. By discussing answers and engaging students in reflections, the teacher reinforces the knowledge acquired and promotes a deeper and more meaningful learning experience.

Discussion

• Question 1: What are the main differences between sprints, middle-distance, and long-distance running?

Explanation: Sprints (100m, 200m, 400m) focus on maximum acceleration and muscle explosiveness, with quick starts and maintaining high speeds. Middle-distance races (800m, 1500m) require a combination of speed and endurance, with pacing strategies and positioning. Long-distance races (5000m, 10000m, marathon) demand high cardiovascular endurance, energy management, and a consistent pace over long distances.

• Question 2: Explain the fundamental rule of race walking and why it is important.

Explanation: The fundamental rule of race walking is that one foot must be in contact with the ground at all times, and the supporting leg must be straight when the foot touches the ground. This rule is crucial to differentiate walking from running, ensuring that race walking maintains its specific technique and avoids disqualification for rule violations.

• Question 3: Compare the techniques used in long jump and triple jump, highlighting their main differences.

Explanation: In long jump, the athlete runs and performs a single long jump after take-off. The technique focuses on speed in the approach run and maximum impulse at take-off. In triple jump, the athlete performs a sequence of three jumps (hop, step, jump) before landing in the sand pit. The triple jump technique requires precise coordination and body control for smooth transitions between the three jumps, utilizing the speed and strength generated in the approach run.

Student Engagement

1.  Questions to Engage Students:

1. Which athletics event do you think is the most challenging? Why?
2. How do you think athletes train to develop the endurance and technique necessary for long-distance running?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each jumping event (high, pole, long, triple)?
4. What aspects of race walking do you find the most difficult to master?

 Reflections:

1. Think about how athletics can be included in your exercise routines. Which event would you like to try?
2. Consider the physical characteristics needed for each event. How might these characteristics influence an athlete's choice of a specific event?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired throughout the lesson, ensuring that students understand and remember the main points covered. By recapping the content and discussing its practical relevance, the teacher reinforces the importance of athletics and motivates students to apply what they have learned in their own lives.

Summary

• The different types of sprints in athletics: sprints, middle-distance, and long-distance, along with their respective characteristics and rules.
• The particulars of race walking, including the contact rule and common distances.
• The main throwing events: shot put, discus throw, hammer throw, and javelin throw, with basic techniques and rules.
• The jumping events: high jump, pole vault, long jump, and triple jump, with explanations of the techniques and rules.
• The effects of athletics events on the human body, such as the development of cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength, and motor coordination.

The lesson connected theory with practice by explaining in detail the rules and techniques of each athletics event and discussing the physical impacts on the human body. Practical examples and discussions on how athletes train and compete helped students visualize the real-life applications of what was taught.

Athletics is an accessible and democratic practice, important for physical and mental development. Understanding its events and rules allows students to recognize how sport can be a significant part of a healthy lifestyle. Furthermore, the rich history and presence of athletics in international competitions like the Olympics highlight its cultural and social relevance.