Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of tension force: Students should be able to define and understand what tension force is, understanding that it is the force that acts on an object when it is pulled by another.

2. Know the applications of tension force in everyday life: Students should be able to identify everyday situations in which tension force is present and how it manifests itself. This may include situations such as pulling a shopping cart, opening a door, among others.

3. Solve problems involving tension force: Students should be able to apply the knowledge acquired to solve practical problems that involve tension force. This may include simple calculations and understanding of hypothetical situations.

   Secondary objectives:

   • Develop critical thinking and problem solving skills: Through solving problems involving tension force, students will be encouraged to develop critical thinking and problem solving skills.

   • Stimulate active participation and teamwork: The group activities proposed during the class will stimulate active participation of the students and teamwork, strengthening their social and collaboration skills.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should start the class by briefly reviewing the concepts of forces present in previous lessons, such as: gravitational force, normal force, friction force, and reaction force. This review can be done through questions directed to students to ensure that they retained the knowledge necessary for the current lesson. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem situations: Then, the teacher should present two problem situations that involve tension force. For example:

   • Situation 1: A student pulling a chair on the floor.
   • Situation 2: A vehicle being towed by another.

   The teacher should ask the students to think about how the tension force is acting in these situations and the possible consequences if this force were changed. (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the importance of the subject: The teacher should then contextualize the importance of studying tension force, explaining that this is a fundamental concept in various fields of science and engineering, from physics to the construction of machinery and vehicles. In addition, the teacher may emphasize that understanding tension force allows us to better understand and predict the behavior of many objects and systems in our daily lives. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the topic: To introduce the topic and arouse the students' interest, the teacher can:

   • Curiosity 1: Share the curiosity that the tension force is what allows astronauts to float in the International Space Station, since they are constantly in free fall around the Earth. (1 - 2 minutes)
   • Curiosity 2: Tell the story of how tension force was discovered and studied in science, citing the main scientists involved and the historical experiments that helped to understand this phenomenon. (2 - 3 minutes)

With this Introduction, students should be prepared to deepen their understanding of tension force and how it applies in the real world.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Demonstration Activity: "Tension Force in Practice" (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Materials required: Strong rope, weights of different masses, a scale, a dynamometer (if available), and a table or flat surface.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher should divide the class into groups of up to 5 students and distribute the materials to each group.
     2. Then, each group must tie a weight to the rope and attach the other end of the rope to the table, so that the weight is suspended in the air.
     3. Using the scale or dynamometer, the group should measure the tension force necessary to keep the weight suspended.
     4. The group should record the data and repeat the process for different weights.
     5. At the end of the activity, each group should share its results with the class, discussing the observations and the conclusions that can be drawn.

   • Objective: This practical activity allows students to see and feel in practice how tension force varies with the mass of the object. In addition, it promotes discussion and teamwork.

2. Challenge Activity: "Tension Force to the Rescue" (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Materials required: Twine, toy cars, light objects (such as small empty shoe boxes, for example).

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher should propose a rescue scenario, where the students will have to use tension force to move an object from one point to another.
     2. The group should tie the twine to the toy cars and attach the other end of the twine to a light object.
     3. The challenge is to have the toy car pull the object from one point to another without it falling.
     4. Each group should discuss and plan how it will proceed to solve the challenge, taking into account the tension force required and the direction of the force.
     5. After planning, the groups should execute the solution and observe the result.
     6. At the end of the activity, each group should share its strategy and the difficulties encountered, promoting discussion and reflection on the application of tension force in everyday life.

   • Objective: This fun and challenging activity allows students to apply the concept of tension force in a practical and fun context, stimulating problem solving and group collaboration.

3. Group Discussion: "Tension Force in Real Life" (5 - 10 minutes)

   • Materials required: No specific materials, only the teacher to mediate the discussion.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher should propose a group discussion on tension force in real life, asking students to share their observations and experiences.
     2. The teacher can guide the discussion by asking questions such as: "What are other everyday situations in which tension force is present?" or "How can tension force be used to solve problems in everyday life?" .
     3. Each student should have the opportunity to express their ideas and opinions, promoting interaction and exchange of knowledge between them.
     4. At the end of the discussion, the teacher should reinforce the concepts learned and clarify any questions that may have arisen.

   • Objective: This discussion aims to consolidate the students' understanding of tension force, providing a space for them to relate the concept learned with real-life situations.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: "Connections and Applications" (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher should review the activities carried out during the lesson, recalling the main findings and conclusions of each of them.
     2. Then, the teacher should propose a group discussion on how the activities and concepts studied connect to the real world.
     3. The teacher can guide the discussion by asking questions such as: "How does the toy car and light object activity resemble real-world situations where tension force is applied?" or "How can understanding tension force help us to better understand the behavior of objects in our daily lives?" .
     4. Each student should have the opportunity to express their ideas and opinions, promoting interaction and exchange of knowledge between them.
     5. At the end of the discussion, the teacher should summarize the main connections and applications identified by the students, reinforcing the importance of the concept of tension force in the real world.

   • Objective: This discussion aims to consolidate the students' learning, helping them to see the relevance and practical applications of the concept of tension force.

2. Reflection Activity: "What did I learn today?" (3 - 5 minutes)

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher should propose a moment of individual reflection, where the students will have to think about what they learned during the lesson.
     2. The teacher can provide some questions to guide the reflection, such as: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" or "What questions have not been answered yet?" .
     3. Each student should have a minute to reflect and write down their answers.
     4. Then, the students can be invited to share their reflections with the class, if they feel comfortable.
     5. The teacher should close the activity by reinforcing the main learning points and clarifying any remaining doubts.

   • Objective: This reflection activity aims to help students consolidate their learning, identify areas where they may need more practice or study, and promote self-assessment.

3. Teacher Feedback: "Next Steps" (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher should provide general feedback on the class's performance during the lesson, highlighting strengths and areas for improvement.
     2. The teacher may also suggest some "next steps" for the students, such as: "Review the concepts of tension force and solve more problems at home" or "Research more about the applications of tension force in different fields of science and engineering" .
     3. The teacher should encourage the students to pursue continuous learning and deepen their knowledge on the topic.

   • Objective: The teacher's feedback and "next steps" suggestions aim to motivate the students to continue their study and practice, in addition to reinforcing the importance of continuous learning and self-discipline.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Summary and Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should begin the Conclusion by recalling the main concepts that were learned during the lesson.
   • It is important that the teacher makes a clear and concise recapitulation, highlighting what tension force is, how it acts and what its applications are in the students' daily lives.
   • The teacher can use the whiteboard or the slide presentation to write and display the main concepts, thus reinforcing the students' knowledge retention.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice and Applications (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Then, the teacher should relate the theory presented with the practical activities carried out.
   • The teacher can explain how the demonstration and challenge activities helped the students to visualize and better understand the concept of tension force, and how the group discussion allowed the application of this concept in real situations.
   • In addition, the teacher should reinforce the practical applications of tension force, demonstrating how this concept is relevant and useful in various everyday situations.

3. Suggestions for Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should then suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of tension force.
   • These materials may include educational videos, science websites, textbooks, among others.
   • The teacher may, for example, suggest a simple experiment that students can perform at home to further explore the concept of tension force.

4. Relevance of the Subject to Everyday Life (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of studying tension force for the students' daily lives.
   • The teacher can present concrete examples of how tension force is essential in various situations, from the operation of machines and vehicles to simple activities such as opening a door.
   • This connection between theory and practice helps students to perceive the relevance and applicability of the concepts studied, motivating them to continue learning and exploring more about the subject.