Objectives (5-7 minutes)

1. Understanding the Concept of Buoyancy: The teacher should ensure students understand the meaning of the term 'buoyancy', which is the force that acts on a body immersed in a fluid, and is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. Students should be able to understand and explain this concept in their own words.
2. Differentiating Buoyancy and Weight: It is important for students to realize the difference between the buoyancy and weight of an object. They should understand that, while weight is the force with which the Earth attracts a body, buoyancy is the force with which a fluid pushes a body upwards when the body is immersed in it.
3. Calculating Buoyancy: Students should be able to calculate the value of the buoyancy acting on a body immersed in a fluid. This includes applying the buoyancy formula and solving problems involving the calculation of buoyancy in different situations.

Subsidiary Objectives:

1. Application of the Concept of Buoyancy in Real-world Situations: Beyond theoretical understanding, students should be able to apply the concept of buoyancy in everyday, practical situations or in experiments.
2. Relation between Buoyancy and Floatation: Students should understand that buoyancy is what makes an object float on a fluid. They should be able to explain how buoyancy acts on a floating object and what would happen if the buoyancy were less than or greater than the weight of the object.

Introduction (10-15 minutes)

1. Recalling Concepts: The teacher should start the class by recalling the concepts of density and pressure, which are fundamental to comprehending the topic of buoyancy. The teacher can do this through a short quiz or classroom discussion, to assess the students' prior knowledge and clear any doubts they might have.
2. Problem Situations: Next, the teacher can introduce two problem situations that will serve as the starting point for the Development of theory. The first situation can be about the flotation of a steel boat (which is denser than water) and the second can be about the ease with which a person floats in seawater (which is denser than the human body). These situations will help students understand the importance of buoyancy and how it relates to flotation.
3. Contextualization The teacher should then contextualize the importance of studying buoyancy, showing how the concept finds application in real-world situations. For instance, buoyancy is what allows submarines to ascend and descend in water, and it is also the principle that allows fish and other aquatic animals to float and move in water.
4. Capturing Students' Attention: To pique the interest of the students, the teacher can share a few fun facts about buoyancy. For example, the concept of buoyancy was discovered by Archimedes, one of the greatest mathematicians and scientists of Ancient Greece, and he supposedly got the idea while taking a bath. Another fun fact can be that buoyancy is what makes objects feel lighter when immersed in water, because the buoyant force counteracts the force of gravity. Through these activities, the teacher should be able to captivate the students' attention and prepare them for studying buoyancy in greater depth.

Development (20-25 minutes)

1. "Building a Submarine" Activity: The students will be divided into groups of 4-5. Each group will receive a kit of materials (PET bottles, straws, modeling clay, aluminum foil, adhesive tape, etc.) and the task of building a submarine that is capable of "sailing" in a water tank. The ultimate goal is for the submarine to float on water when the tank is tilted. During the activity, students should discuss and record their observations about how buoyancy acts on the submarine, how adding or removing material affects the buoyancy and floatation of the submarine, and how the weight of the submarine compares to its buoyancy. The teacher should move around the classroom, providing guidance and clarifying any doubts. (10-15 minutes)

   1.1. Preparation: The teacher should prepare the materials beforehand and organize the students into groups. They should also clearly explain the task and the safety rules.

   1.2. Execution: The teacher should monitor the groups' progress, encouraging discussion and collaboration. They should also ensure that students are using the correct terminology (buoyancy, weight, floatation) while discussing the activity.

   1.3. Conclusion: After the activity is done, the teacher should conduct a classroom discussion, where each group shares its observations and conclusions. The teacher should ask questions to stimulate critical thinking and make sure that the students have understood the concepts of buoyancy and floatation.

2. "Helium Balloons" Activity: In this activity, students will explore the concept of buoyancy in a different scenario. Each group will receive a helium balloon and a set of objects of different weights (for example, a coin, a pen, a paperclip, etc.). The objective is to find out how many objects of each type the helium balloon can lift before it stops being able to ascend. Students should record their observations and conclusions, and discuss how buoyancy and weight are related in this situation. (5-10 minutes)

   2.1. Preparation: The teacher should prepare the materials beforehand and organize the students into groups. They should also explain the task and the safety rules.

   2.2. Execution: The teacher should monitor the groups' progress, encouraging discussion and collaboration. They should also ensure that students are using the correct terminology (buoyancy, weight) while discussing the activity.

   2.3. Conclusion: After the activity is done, the teacher should conduct a classroom discussion, where each group shares its observations and conclusions. The teacher should ask questions to stimulate critical thinking and make sure that the students have understood the concepts of buoyancy and weight.

With these activities, students will have a chance to explore the concept of buoyancy in practical and meaningful ways, which will help solidify their understanding of the topic. Furthermore, by working in groups, students will develop collaboration and communication skills.

Feedback (8-10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3-4 minutes): After the practical activities are complete, the teacher should bring the class together for a group discussion. Each group should share their solutions or conclusions about the activities they carried out. The teacher should encourage students to explain the reasoning behind their answers and to use the correct physics terminology, such as buoyancy and weight. During the discussion, the teacher should ask questions to check the students' understanding and clear any misconceptions.

   1.1. Preparation: The teacher should prepare a few questions to guide the discussion and make sure that all groups participate.

   1.2. Execution: The teacher should lead the discussion, making sure that all students get a chance to speak and share their ideas. They should also clarify any confusion and reinforce important concepts.

   1.3. Conclusion: The teacher should summarize the main points from the discussion and reinforce the key concepts that were covered.

2. Connecting with Theory (2-3 minutes): The teacher should then connect the practical activities to the theory of buoyancy. They should revisit the concepts of buoyancy and weight, and explain how they apply to the situations that students explored during the activities. The teacher should emphasize the importance of buoyancy in the flotation of objects in a fluid, and how buoyancy and weight balance each other to determine whether an object floats or sinks.

   2.1. Preparation: The teacher should prepare a brief explanation that connects the practical activities to the theory.

   2.2. Execution: The teacher should explain the connection, using examples from the practical activities to illustrate the theoretical concepts.

   2.3. Conclusion: The teacher should summarize the main connections between the theory and the practical activities, and reinforce the importance of buoyancy in the real world.

3. Final Reflection (1-2 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should ask the students to take a minute to reflect on what they have learned. They can ask questions such as: "What was the most important concept you learned today?", "Are there any questions that remain unanswered?", and "How can you apply what you learned today in real-world situations?".

   3.1. Preparation: The teacher should prepare the reflection questions beforehand.

   3.2. Execution: The teacher should allow students to reflect in silence for a minute, and then ask a few volunteers to share their answers with the class.

   3.3. Conclusion: The teacher should summarize the key ideas that emerged from the students' reflection, and reinforce the relevance of buoyancy in the real world.

With this Feedback, the teacher will be able to assess the students' comprehension of the concept of buoyancy and identify any areas that may need further review or clarification. Additionally, by asking students to reflect on what they have learned, the teacher is encouraging metacognition and helping students consolidate their understanding of the topic.

Conclusion (5-7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2-3 minutes): The teacher should begin the Conclusion by summarizing the main points covered during the lesson. This includes the definition of buoyancy, the difference between buoyancy and weight, and how to calculate buoyancy. The teacher should also recap the practical activities that were carried out and the conclusions that were drawn from them. This is the time to consolidate the knowledge acquired and make sure that students have grasped the fundamental concepts.

   1.1. Preparation: The teacher should prepare a concise summary that includes the key points of the lesson.

   1.2. Execution: The teacher should present the summary, highlighting the most important points.

   1.3. Conclusion: The teacher should make sure that all students have understood the concepts after presenting the summary.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1-2 minutes): Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected the theory of buoyancy with the practice of the group activities. The teacher should reinforce how the understanding of buoyancy can be applied in real-world situations, such as the floatability of objects in liquids. This is the time to show how the theory learned has practical applications, which helps motivate students to continue learning.

   2.1. Preparation: The teacher should prepare a few practical applications of buoyancy to share with the class.

   2.2. Execution: The teacher should explain the connections between the theory, the practice, and the applications, using concrete examples.

   2.3. Conclusion: The teacher should make sure that the students understand the relevance of buoyancy in the real world.

3. Supplemental Materials (1-2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest some supplemental materials for students who want to deepen their understanding of buoyancy. This could include reference books, websites, YouTube videos, or experiments that can be conducted at home. The teacher should encourage students to explore these materials on their own to reinforce what they have learned in class.

   3.1. Preparation: The teacher should prepare a list of supplemental materials that are appropriate for the students' grade level.

   3.2. Execution: The teacher should share the list of supplemental materials with the students, briefly explaining what each one offers.

   3.3. Conclusion: The teacher should encourage the students to use the supplemental materials to expand their knowledge of buoyancy.

4. Importance of the Topic (1 minute): Last but not least, the teacher should emphasize the importance of buoyancy in everyday life. They can mention common situations where buoyancy is a crucial factor, such as the floating of boats, swimming, or even the operation of submarines. This will help reinforce the relevance of the topic and motivate students to continue studying and applying what they have learned.

   4.1. Preparation: The teacher should prepare some examples of everyday situations where buoyancy is important.

   4.2. Execution: The teacher should share the examples with the students, briefly explaining each one.

   4.3. Conclusion: The teacher should make sure that students understand the importance of buoyancy in the real world and are motivated to continue learning about it.

With this Conclusion, the teacher will be reinforcing the key concepts of the lesson, connecting theory with practice and applications, and encouraging students to continue learning. Furthermore, by emphasizing the importance of buoyancy in everyday life, the teacher will be helping students see the relevance and applicability of what they have learned, which can boost their interest and motivation for studying physics.