Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the concept of elastic force: The teacher must ensure that students understand what elastic force is, its origin, and how it manifests in systems with elastic elements.

2. Ability to apply Hooke's Law: Students should be able to apply Hooke's Law to calculate the elastic force in different situations, using the appropriate formulas and equations.

3. Develop problem-solving skills: The lesson should focus on developing students' skills to solve problems related to elastic force, encouraging them to think critically, analyze and interpret information, and apply the acquired knowledge.

Secondary objectives:

• Promote interaction and collaboration in groups: The teacher should encourage interaction among students, promoting discussion and exchange of ideas to stimulate collaborative learning.

• Stimulate curiosity and interest in Physics: In addition to teaching concepts and formulas, the teacher should seek to arouse students' interest in Physics, showing the applicability of this knowledge in daily life and in various areas of science and technology.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should start the lesson with a brief review of concepts and formulas that are fundamental for understanding the current topic. This may include a review of the laws of motion, the definition of force, and the application of mathematical formulas. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Problem situations: Next, the teacher should present two situations that arouse students' curiosity and interest in the topic to be studied. For example:

   • Situation 1: "Imagine you are playing with a toy spring. When you stretch it and release it, it returns to its original size. Why does this happen? What is the force that makes the spring return to its original shape?"
   • Situation 2: "Have you noticed that some springs are 'stronger' than others? How can we measure the 'strength' of a spring?" (5 - 7 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher should then contextualize the importance of the topic, explaining how understanding elastic force is essential in various practical applications, from the operation of springs in toys to the construction of bridges and buildings. The teacher can also mention how Hooke's Law is used in areas such as engineering, architecture, medicine, and experimental physics. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic of the lesson. It can be discussed about Robert Hooke, the scientist who formulated Hooke's Law, and the origin of the term 'elastic'. The teacher can also mention that elastic force is a restoring force, meaning a force that tends to restore a system to a state of equilibrium. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Practical Activity 1 - Experiment with Springs (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher should divide the class into groups of up to 5 students. Each group will receive a set of springs of different sizes and resistances. Students should explore the springs, stretching and releasing them, observing the behavior of each one. They should try to answer the following questions:

   • How does the spring behave when stretched and released?
   • Is there any difference in the behavior of the different springs?
   • How can we measure the 'strength' of a spring?

   After discussing these questions in their groups, students should record their observations and conclusions in a report. They should try to apply Hooke's Law to calculate the elastic force of each spring, using suspended masses as load. The teacher should circulate around the room, supervising and guiding the groups as necessary.

2. Practical Activity 2 - Computational Simulation (10 - 12 minutes): After the conclusion of the experiment with the springs, students should perform a computational simulation activity. Each group will receive a computer with force simulation software. Students should follow the teacher's instructions to simulate the behavior of a spring in different situations.

   • Step 1: Simulation of a stretched and released spring: Students should simulate the behavior of a spring being stretched and released. They should observe how the elastic force changes as the spring is stretched.

   • Step 2: Simulation of a spring with suspended load: Students should simulate the behavior of a spring with a suspended load. They should observe how the elastic force varies with the load.

   • Step 3: Simulation of a spring in simple harmonic motion: Students should simulate the motion of a spring in simple harmonic motion. They should observe how the elastic force varies throughout the motion.

   During the activity, students should record their observations and conclusions in a report. The teacher should circulate around the room, helping the groups interpret the simulation results.

3. Group Discussion (5 - 8 minutes): After the conclusion of the practical activities, students should have a brief group discussion. Each group should share their observations, conclusions, and difficulties with the class. The teacher should facilitate the discussion, asking questions to stimulate critical thinking and reflection. The teacher should also reinforce the concepts and formulas related to elastic force, clarifying any doubts students may have.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): Groups should share their solutions and conclusions from the practical activities. Each group will have a maximum of 3 minutes to present their main findings to the class. During the presentations, the teacher should encourage other students to ask questions and comment on the solutions presented, thus promoting a rich and productive discussion.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes): After the presentations, the teacher should make a brief connection between the practical activities and the theory discussed in the Introduction of the lesson. The teacher should highlight how Hooke's Law was applied to calculate the elastic force in the springs, and how the simulation activity allowed students to visualize and better understand the behavior of this force. The teacher can also reinforce the importance of elastic force in various everyday and scientific contexts.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. To do this, the teacher should ask the following questions:

   • What was the most important concept you learned today?
   • What questions have not been answered yet?

   Students will have one minute to think about each question. After the reflection time, the teacher can ask some students to share their answers with the class. The teacher should value all answers, reinforcing that reflection is an important part of the learning process.

4. Feedback and Closure (1 - 2 minutes): To end the lesson, the teacher should provide feedback on the class performance, highlighting strengths and areas that need improvement. For example, the teacher can praise students' active participation, understanding of the concept of elastic force, or problem-solving skills. The teacher should also remind students about the importance of the topic studied and encourage them to continue exploring this subject outside the classroom.

Note: The total time for the Return may vary depending on the available time for the lesson and the learning pace of the class. The teacher can adjust the time for each stage as needed.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by recalling the main points discussed during the lesson. They should summarize the definition of elastic force, explain Hooke's Law and its application for calculating elastic force. The teacher should also highlight the main observations and conclusions made by students during the practical activities.

2. Theory-Practice Connection (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should emphasize how the lesson connected theory and practice. They can mention how the experimental activity allowed students to see the behavior of elastic force in practice and how the computational simulation helped consolidate theoretical understanding. The teacher can also remind students how understanding theory is essential for conducting experiments and interpreting results.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute): The teacher should then suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of elastic force. These materials may include explanatory videos, online simulations, additional exercises, and bibliographic references. For example, the teacher can recommend the use of a force simulation app to further explore the behavior of elastic force.

4. Importance of the Topic (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the topic studied. They can explain how elastic force is a fundamental concept in Physics, with applications in various fields such as engineering, architecture, medicine, and experimental physics. The teacher should encourage students to realize the relevance of Physics in their lives and to use the acquired knowledge to better understand the world around them.

Note: The total time for the Conclusion may vary depending on the available time for the lesson and the learning pace of the class. The teacher can adjust the time for each stage as needed. Additionally, it is important for the teacher to be open to answering any questions students may have at the end of the lesson.