Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Familiarization with the Alphabet: The first objective is for students to understand the concept of the alphabet, the sequence of letters, and the order in which they appear. This includes the identification and practice of reciting the letters.

2. Differentiation between Letter and Phoneme: Students should be able to distinguish the difference between a letter and a phoneme. They must understand that a letter is a graphic unit and that a phoneme is a sound unit. This is essential for understanding and using the phonetic alphabet.

3. Introduction to the Phonetic Alphabet: The third objective is for students to be introduced to the concept of the phonetic alphabet, which is a phonetic notation system that uses symbols to represent speech sounds. Students should be able to identify and relate the symbols of the phonetic alphabet to the corresponding sounds.

   • Secondary Objectives:
     • Develop reading and listening skills.
     • Promote awareness of the importance of the alphabet and phonetic alphabet in the Portuguese language.
     • Encourage the practice of reciting the alphabet and phonemes aloud to improve pronunciation.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of content: The teacher should start the class by reminding students about the concept of letters and the importance of the alphabet in the Portuguese language. This can be done through a brief review, questioning students about what they already know and reinforcing important points. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem situations: The teacher can present two problem situations to arouse students' interest and contextualize the importance of the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet. For example:

   • "Imagine that you are in a word game and need to spell a word out loud for your team to guess. How can knowledge of the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet help you in this situation?"
   • "Think about what it would be like if we didn't have a standardized way of representing speech sounds. How would writing and reading be affected?" (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet in different contexts, such as in written language, in the correct pronunciation of words, and in effective communication. It is important to highlight that the phonetic alphabet is widely used in areas such as linguistics, translation, speech therapy, among others. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the topic: To gain the students' attention, the teacher can share some curiosities about the alphabet. For example:

   • "Did you know that our alphabet, the Latin alphabet, is based on the Greek alphabet? The Greeks, in turn, received it from the Phoenicians, who were the first to develop an alphabetical writing system."
   • "Another curiosity is that, although Portuguese has 26 letters, it has 200 phonemes, that is, 200 different sounds that can represent a letter or a combination of letters. This is why the phonetic alphabet is so useful for helping to understand and represent the sounds of our language. " (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity "Putting the Alphabet Together":

   • Materials needed: Cards with the letters of the alphabet (1 set for each group of 4-5 students), blank sheets of paper, colored pencils or markers.

   • Procedure: The teacher will divide the class into small groups and distribute the materials. Each group must organize the letters of the alphabet in order, on a sheet of paper. They must pay attention to the sequence of the letters and the shape of each one. After the assembly, the groups should decorate their sheets of paper with drawings that start with each letter (for example, "A" for "tree", "B" for "ball", etc.). The objective of this activity is to reinforce knowledge of the alphabet sequence and the shape of the letters, in a fun and creative way.

   • Estimated time: 10 - 12 minutes.

2. Activity "Making Sounds with the Phonetic Alphabet":

   • Materials needed: Cards with the phonetic alphabet symbols (1 set for each group of 4-5 students), blank sheets of paper, colored pencils or markers.

   • Procedure: The teacher will explain that the phonetic alphabet is a phonetic notation system that uses symbols to represent speech sounds. Each group will receive a set of cards with the phonetic alphabet symbols. They must choose a sound and find the corresponding symbol on their cards. Then, each group must create a word using that sound (for example, if they choose the sound of "a" in "house", they can create the word "knife"). They should write the word on a sheet of paper, using the corresponding alphabet letter and the phonetic alphabet symbol. Finally, each group will present their word and explain how they came up with it. The objective of this activity is to familiarize students with the symbols of the phonetic alphabet and help them understand how they relate to speech sounds.

   • Estimated time: 10 - 12 minutes.

3. Activity "Spelling with the Alphabet and the Phonetic Alphabet":

   • Materials needed: Words on cards (1 set for each group of 4-5 students), blank sheets of paper, colored pencils or markers.

   • Procedure: Each group will receive a set of cards with written words. They must spell the word out loud, using the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet. For example, if the word is "house", they will say: "h-o-u-s-e", using the alphabet. Then, they will say: "eɪtʃ-a-ʊ-s" (using the phonetic alphabet). Finally, each group will present their spelled words. The objective of this activity is to practice reciting the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet symbols and to help students understand how they relate to speech.

   • Estimated time: 5 - 7 minutes.

The teacher should circulate around the room, observing and guiding the groups as necessary. He should encourage the participation of all students and promote discussion among group members. At the end of the activities, the teacher should conduct a brief class discussion, highlighting the main learnings and clarifying any doubts that may have arisen.

Feedback (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should promote a group discussion with all students. Each group will have up to 3 minutes to share their solutions or conclusions from the activities carried out. During this discussion, the teacher must ensure that all students have the opportunity to speak and that their answers are respected and valued. The goal is to promote the exchange of ideas, clarify doubts, and consolidate learning.

2. Connection with the Theory (3 - 4 minutes): After the group discussion, the teacher should make the connection between the practical activities carried out and the theory presented at the beginning of the class. He should highlight how the activities helped to reinforce knowledge of the alphabet, the differentiation between letters and phonemes, and the understanding and use of the phonetic alphabet. The teacher can use examples from the activities to illustrate these points and to emphasize the importance of the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet in the Portuguese language.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Next, the teacher should have the students reflect individually on what they learned in class. He can ask questions like:

   1. "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
   2. "What questions have not yet been answered?"
   3. "How can you apply what you learned today in everyday situations?"

The teacher should give students a minute to think about these questions and then ask some volunteers to share their answers with the class. This will help consolidate learning and identify any gaps in student understanding that need to be addressed in future classes.

4. Feedback and Closure (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should give feedback to the students on their performance in class and encourage them to continue practicing what they have learned. He should reinforce the importance of the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet in the Portuguese language and reiterate that he is available to answer any questions that students may have. The teacher should also announce the topic of the next class and any homework or additional reading that the students need to do.

Conclusion (3 - 5 minutes)

1. Summary of the Content (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should begin the Conclusion by recapitulating the key points covered during the class. He should remind students about the sequence of the letters of the alphabet, the differentiation between letter and phoneme, and the Introduction to the phonetic alphabet. This recapitulation serves to reinforce the concepts learned and help students consolidate the information in their minds.

2. Connection of Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should explain how the theory presented was applied in the practical activities carried out. He should emphasize that understanding the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet is essential for correct reading, writing, and pronunciation in the Portuguese language. In addition, the teacher should highlight how the practical activities helped students apply theoretical knowledge in a fun and engaging way.

3. Supplementary Materials (1 minute): The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who want to deepen their understanding of the topic. This may include books, websites, videos, educational games, among others. The teacher should encourage students to explore these resources on their own and to bring any questions or discoveries to the next class.

4. Importance of the Topic (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet in our daily lives. He should explain that these concepts are fundamental for effective communication in written and spoken language. In addition, the teacher should point out that knowledge of the phonetic alphabet can be particularly useful for people who are learning Portuguese as a second language, as it helps to understand and reproduce speech sounds more accurately.