Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Word Structure and Formation

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This stage of the lesson plan aims to provide a clear and detailed understanding of the structure and formation of words. By defining the objectives, the aim is to guide the development of the lesson so that students can recognize and effectively apply knowledge about the main word formation processes, such as derivation and composition.

Main Objectives

1. Explain the structure of words, including their basic elements such as root, prefix, suffix, and endings.

2. Present the processes of word formation, highlighting derivation and composition.

3. Provide clear and varied examples to illustrate each word formation process.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This stage aims to prepare students for the content to be covered, sparking interest and demonstrating the practical relevance of studying word structures and formation processes. The introduction also serves to connect the topic to students' everyday lives, making learning more meaningful and engaging.

Context

To start the lesson on Structure and Word Formation, it is essential to contextualize students regarding the importance of studying morphology. Explain that the Portuguese language is rich and complex, and understanding the structure of words is fundamental for comprehending and using the language correctly and creatively. Discuss how morphological analysis facilitates reading, writing, and even text interpretation, which are essential skills for academic and professional success.

Curiosities

Did you know that many words we use daily have their roots in other languages, such as Latin and Greek? For example, the word 'telephone' comes from the Greek 'tele', meaning 'distance', and 'phone', meaning 'sound' or 'voice'. Understanding word formation can reveal interesting stories about how the language has evolved and transformed over time.

Development

Duration: (50 - 60 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to provide students with a detailed and practical understanding of the elements that make up words and the processes of word formation in the Portuguese language. By addressing specific topics and resolving practical questions, students are encouraged to apply theoretical knowledge practically, facilitating the internalization of content and the ability to recognize and use different word structures in their daily lives.

Covered Topics

1. Structure of Words: Root: the part of the word that contains the basic meaning. Prefix: element added before the root to form a new word. Suffix: element added after the root to form a new word. Endings: endings that indicate flexions of number, gender, tense, mood, etc. 2. Processes of Word Formation: Derivation: formation of words from a lexical base through the addition of prefixes or suffixes. Examples: 'infeliz' (prefix 'in-' + root 'feliz'), 'felicidade' (root 'feliz' + suffix '-idade'). Composition: formation of words by combining two or more lexical bases. Examples: 'girassol' (root 'gira' + root 'sol'), 'aguardente' (root 'água' + root 'ardente'). 3. Types of Derivation: Prefixal: addition of a prefix to the root. Suffixed: addition of a suffix to the root. Parassinthetic: simultaneous addition of prefix and suffix. Regressive: reduction of the original word. Improper: change in the grammatical class of the word without alteration in form. 4. Types of Composition: Juxtaposition: compound words where the elements join without alteration in their original forms. Example: 'passatempo'. Aglutination: compound words where fusion of elements and alteration in original forms occur. Example: 'planoalto' (plano + alto).

Classroom Questions

1. Identify the root, prefix, and suffix in the following words: 'impossível', 'felicidade', 'desleal'. 2. Classify the following examples according to the type of derivation: 'desleal', 'felicidade', 'amadurecer'. 3. Give two examples of words formed by composition by juxtaposition and two examples of composition by agglutination.

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired by students, ensuring that they fully understand the concepts of structure and formation of words. Discussing the questions and engaging students through inquiries and reflections promotes a collaborative and critical learning environment, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations and recognize the relevance of the content in their everyday lives.

Discussion

•  Question 1: Identify the root, prefix, and suffix in the following words: 'impossível', 'felicidade', 'desleal'. Impossível:

  • Root: 'possível'
  • Prefix: 'im-'
  • Suffix: none Felicidade:
  • Root: 'feliz'
  • Suffix: '-idade'
  • Prefix: none Desleal:
  • Root: 'leal'
  • Prefix: 'des-'
  • Suffix: none

•  Question 2: Classify the following examples according to the type of derivation: 'desleal', 'felicidade', 'amadurecer'. Desleal: Prefixal derivation (prefix 'des-' + root 'leal') Felicidade: Suffixed derivation (root 'feliz' + suffix '-idade') Amadurecer: Parassinthetic derivation (prefix 'a-' + root 'maduro' + suffix '-ecer')

•  Question 3: Give two examples of words formed by composition by juxtaposition and two examples of composition by agglutination. Juxtaposition:

  • 'Passatempo' (passa + tempo)
  • 'Guarda-chuva' (guarda + chuva) Aglutination:
  • 'Planalto' (plano + alto)
  • 'Aguardente' (água + ardente)

Student Engagement

1.  Question 1: Why is the correct identification of roots, prefixes, and suffixes important for understanding words? 2.  Question 2: How do derivation and composition contribute to vocabulary expansion in the Portuguese language? 3.  Question 3: Can you think of everyday words that were formed from Latin or Greek roots? What are they? 4.  Reflection: How can understanding the structure and formation of words facilitate writing and text interpretation? 5.  Reflection: How can the morphological analysis of words be useful in other subjects besides Portuguese, such as biology or history?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate the main points covered, ensuring that students fully understand the content. The conclusion reinforces the importance of the topic, connecting it to students' everyday lives and highlighting its practical and theoretical relevance.

Summary

• Structure of Words: Root, Prefix, Suffix, and Endings.
• Processes of Word Formation: Derivation and Composition.
• Types of Derivation: Prefixal, Suffixed, Parassinthetic, Regressive, Improper.
• Types of Composition: Juxtaposition and Aglutination.

The lesson connected theory and practice by providing detailed explanations about the elements and processes of word formation, followed by concrete examples and practical exercises. This allowed students to apply theoretical knowledge practically, facilitating understanding and internalization of the presented concepts.

The study of the structure and formation of words is essential for a deep understanding of the Portuguese language, directly influencing reading, writing, and text interpretation abilities. Furthermore, knowing the origin and evolution of words can be fascinating, revealing historical and cultural connections that enrich vocabulary and daily communication.