Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the structure and function of the Lymphatic System: Students should be able to describe the basic structure of the lymphatic system, including the organs and tissues that compose it. Additionally, they should understand the main function of this system, which is to transport lymph, a fluid that contains white blood cells, through the lymphatic vessels.

2. Identify the main diseases and disorders of the Lymphatic System: Students should be able to identify and describe the main diseases and disorders that affect the lymphatic system, such as lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. They should understand the causes, symptoms, and possible treatments for each condition.

3. Relate the Lymphatic System to the rest of the body: Students should be able to explain how the lymphatic system connects and interacts with other body systems, such as the circulatory system and the immune system. They should understand how lymph, lymphocytes, and lymph nodes play a crucial role in the body's defense against infections and diseases.

Secondary Objectives

• Promote discussion and critical thinking: During the lesson, students should be encouraged to ask questions, express their opinions, and actively participate in discussions. The teacher should foster critical reflection on the importance of the lymphatic system for the overall health of the body.

• Develop research and presentation skills: To achieve the main Objectives, students will need to research about diseases and disorders of the lymphatic system and prepare presentations for the class. This will help develop their research skills, information synthesis, and oral presentation abilities.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the basic concepts of human anatomy and physiology that are necessary for understanding the lymphatic system. This includes a review of the circulatory system, white blood cells, and the general function of organs in the human body. It may also be helpful to review the immune system, as the lymphatic system plays a vital role in this aspect. (3 - 4 minutes)

2. Problem Situation: The teacher can propose two problem situations to start the discussion. The first one could be: 'Imagine you are a doctor and one of your patients has swelling in the lymph nodes. What could this indicate? How would you investigate and treat this problem?' The second problem situation could be: 'Your friend has a very strong cold and is complaining of body aches. He asks if the aches could be due to the lymphatic system. How would you explain to him the relationship between the lymphatic system and body pain?' These problem situations will serve as a hook for the topic Introduction. (2 - 3 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher should then contextualize the importance of the lymphatic system, explaining how this system helps defend the body against infections and diseases and how problems in this system can lead to various health conditions. For example, it can be mentioned how lymphatic system cancer (lymphoma) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in children and adolescents. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic: To introduce the topic in an engaging way, the teacher can share two curiosities about the lymphatic system. The first one is that, although the lymphatic system is essential for health, the body can survive without it. The second curiosity is that the lymphatic system is the only system in the human body that does not have a main organ - instead, it is composed of a network of vessels, nodes, and organs. This can lead to a discussion on how the human body is complex and interconnected. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Lymphatic System Simulation Activity: To help students visualize and understand how the lymphatic system works, the teacher can organize a practical activity. Students will be divided into groups of 4-5, and each group will receive a large piece of craft paper, colored pens, small balloons, and a dropper. They will be instructed to draw a representation of the lymphatic system on the craft paper, using the colored pens to represent the different types of lymph and marking the main organs and lymph nodes.

Upon completion of the drawing, students will inflate the balloons and use the dropper to 'inject' water (representing lymph) into their drawings. They will observe how the water moves through the lymphatic vessels (lines drawn on the paper) and how it is filtered in the lymph nodes (the balloons). This activity will help students visualize the circulation of lymph and the function of lymph nodes. (10 - 12 minutes)

2. Research Activity on Diseases of the Lymphatic System: To fulfill the objective of identifying the main diseases and disorders of the lymphatic system, students will be divided into groups and assigned a specific disease to research. Diseases may include lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, among others.

Each group should research the assigned disease, including the cause, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis. They should prepare a brief presentation (3-5 minutes) about their disease, which will be shared with the class. The teacher should provide clear guidance on how to conduct the research and what to include in the presentation. (8 - 10 minutes)

3. Connection Activity with Other Body Systems: To fulfill the objective of relating the lymphatic system to the rest of the body, students will be invited to think about how diseases of the lymphatic system affect the body as a whole.

The teacher can start a classroom discussion, asking students to share their research findings and how the lymphatic system disease they studied affects other body systems, such as the immune system and the circulatory system. This will help students understand the interconnection of systems in the human body and appreciate the importance of a healthy system. (5 - 7 minutes)

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should gather all students and promote a group discussion. Each group will have the opportunity to share their solutions or conclusions from the activities carried out. Each presentation should be limited to 3 minutes to ensure that all information is shared. During the presentations, other groups are encouraged to ask questions and provide constructive feedback.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes): After all presentations, the teacher should give a quick review, highlighting the main conclusions or findings of each group. The teacher should then connect the students' findings with the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. For example, the teacher can reinforce how the lymphatic system simulation activity helped illustrate the movement of lymph and the function of lymph nodes. Similarly, the teacher can highlight how the students' research helped identify and better understand diseases of the lymphatic system.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students make an individual reflection on what they have learned. They should answer questions like: 'What was the most important concept you learned today?' and 'What questions have not been answered yet?' Students can write their answers on a piece of paper, which will be collected by the teacher. These responses can serve as valuable feedback for the teacher, as they help identify any gaps in students' understanding and plan for future lessons or review activities.

4. Comments and Questions (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should open a space for final questions or comments. Students can take this opportunity to clarify any remaining doubts or make comments about the lesson. The teacher should encourage everyone's participation and ensure that all questions are answered or referred to for a future lesson.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by recapping the key points covered during the lesson. This includes a brief review of the structure and function of the lymphatic system, the main disorders and diseases that can affect it, and its interaction with other body systems. The teacher can use a diagram or chart to visualize these concepts, helping students make connections between the different topics.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should emphasize how the lesson connected the theory, practice, and applications of the lymphatic system. For example, the simulation activity allowed students to visualize the flow of lymph and the function of lymph nodes, while the research on diseases of the lymphatic system provided a practical application of theoretical knowledge. The teacher should emphasize that understanding the theory behind a concept is important, but it is also crucial to be able to apply that knowledge in a practical way.

3. Additional Materials (1 minute): The teacher should then suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of the lymphatic system. This may include recommended textbooks, interactive anatomy websites, educational videos, and research articles. The teacher can also recommend additional practical activities, such as visiting a science laboratory or anatomy museum to see real models of the lymphatic system.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should explain the importance of the lymphatic system in everyday life. This may include discussions on how a healthy lymphatic system is essential for overall body health, how the lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's defense against diseases and infections, and how knowledge about the lymphatic system can be useful in various careers, such as medicine, nursing, biology, among others.

5. Closure (1 minute): The teacher should end the lesson by reminding students of the importance of reviewing and practicing the concepts learned. They should be encouraged to review their notes, research more on the topic, and be prepared to discuss any doubts in the next lesson. The teacher should also encourage students to apply what they have learned about the lymphatic system in their daily lives, seeking ways to keep their lymphatic system healthy and better understanding how their body functions.