Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

Main Objectives:

1. Understand the structure of the skeletal system, including the types of bones, joints, and cartilage present in the human body.
2. Identify the functions of the skeletal system, including structural support, protection of vital organs, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
3. Develop critical analysis skills to apply the acquired knowledge in solving problems related to the skeletal system.

Secondary Objectives:

1. Stimulate critical thinking and curiosity about the functioning of the human body.
2. Promote interaction and teamwork among students during practical activities.
3. Encourage research and autonomous study as tools for continuous learning.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

Review of Previous Content:

1. The teacher starts the lesson by reminding students of the concepts already studied that are fundamental for understanding the skeletal system. This includes:
   • What is an organ?
   • What is a system?
   • What are the main systems of the human body?

Problem Situations:

1. The teacher proposes two problem situations to stimulate students' thinking:

   • 'Imagine you are a scientist and have discovered a new living organism. You notice that this organism has a structure similar to a human skeleton but very different in its composition. How could you determine if this 'skeleton' is really a skeletal system and what is its function?'

   • 'You are participating in a survival program on a deserted island and need to build a shelter. You find a pile of animal bones. How could you use these bones to build a solid and safe structure?'

Contextualization:

1. The teacher contextualizes the importance of studying the skeletal system, explaining how understanding its structure and function is essential for various areas such as medicine, physiotherapy, physical education, among others.
2. He also highlights how the skeletal system is related to other parts of the human body, such as muscles and nerves, and how its proper functioning is crucial for performing simple daily activities like walking, running, writing, among others.

Attention Gain:

1. To capture students' attention, the teacher can share curiosities about the skeletal system, such as:

   • 'Did you know that the human body has 206 bones? But at birth, we have about 300 bones. Over time, some of our bones fuse, reducing the total number.'
   • 'Did you know that the longest bone in the human body is the femur, located in the thigh, and can withstand a pressure of up to 1,200 kg?'

2. He can also relate the lesson content to students' daily lives, explaining how good posture is important for skeletal system health and how regular physical activities, like weightlifting, can strengthen the skeletal system and prevent diseases like osteoporosis.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

Activity 1: 'Evidence Recovery' (10 - 15 minutes)

In this activity, students will be divided into groups of up to 5 members and will receive a 'crime scene'. They will be 'investigators' tasked with determining the cause of death of a person based on evidence found at the 'crime scene'.

1. The teacher will prepare the 'crime scene' in advance, which consists of a delimited area with 'bones' (can be represented by toy bones, barbecue sticks, paper straws, etc.) scattered around. Each 'bone' will be marked with a number.
2. Students will receive an 'investigation sheet' containing questions about the skeletal system. They should circle the corresponding 'bone' on the 'investigation sheet' when answering each question correctly.
3. The questions on the 'investigation sheet' may include: 'How many bones do we have in the human body?', 'What is a joint?', 'What is the function of bones?', 'What are the main types of bones?', among others related to the content of the skeletal system.
4. The group that can correctly answer all questions and recover all 'bones' first will be the winner.

Activity 2: 'Building a Skeleton' (10 - 15 minutes)

In this activity, students, still divided into groups, will have to 'build' a life-size human skeleton. For this, the teacher will provide a schematic model of the human skeleton, where each bone is represented by a card.

1. The cards will be mixed, and students will have to identify to which part of the skeleton each bone belongs (head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs).
2. After identification, they should 'assemble' the skeleton by gluing the cards on a brown paper sheet, which will serve as a base.
3. During the activity, the teacher will walk around the room, guiding students and clarifying doubts.
4. The group that can correctly and quickly assemble the skeleton will be the winner.

Activity 3: 'Creating a Diagram' (5 - 10 minutes)

In this final activity, students, still in groups, will be challenged to create a diagram representing the skeletal system, its parts, and how they connect.

1. The teacher will provide paper, pens, and colored pencils for each group.
2. Each group will have a set time to create their diagram.
3. At the end of the stipulated time, each group will present their diagram to the class, explaining the parts of the skeletal system represented and their functions.
4. The teacher will evaluate the diagrams and the presentation, providing positive feedback and suggestions for improvement.
5. There will be no winning group in this activity; the goal is to promote creativity and interaction among students, as well as review the learned content.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. The teacher gathers all students in a large circle to promote discussion and sharing of the solutions found in each activity.
2. Each group will have up to 3 minutes to present their conclusions and strategies used.
3. During the presentations, the teacher encourages students to ask questions and make comments, promoting a collaborative and respectful learning environment.

Connection with Theory (3 - 5 minutes)

1. After all presentations, the teacher connects the activities carried out with the theory presented in the Introduction of the lesson.
2. He reinforces how each activity allowed students to apply theoretical knowledge in a practical and playful way, facilitating the understanding and retention of the content.
3. The teacher also highlights the main discoveries or conclusions reached by students during the activities, emphasizing the importance of being able to apply the acquired knowledge to solve real problems or hypothetical scenarios.

Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

1. To conclude the lesson, the teacher proposes a moment of individual reflection.
2. He asks questions like: 'What was the most important concept you learned today?' and 'What questions have not been answered yet?'.
3. Students will have a minute to think, and if they wish, they can share their answers with the class.
4. The teacher reinforces that the learning process is continuous and that it is normal to have doubts. He commits to clarify remaining doubts in the next lessons or review activities.

Feedback and Closure (1 - 2 minutes)

1. Before ending the lesson, the teacher provides brief feedback, praising the effort and participation of all students and highlighting the strengths of the activities carried out.
2. He also mentions aspects that can be improved, encouraging students to continue striving and dedicating themselves to the study of the skeletal system.
3. Finally, the teacher thanks everyone for their presence and collaboration, reminding them of the upcoming lessons and tasks.

This Return moment is crucial to consolidate students' learning, promote reflection on what was learned, and identify possible gaps in understanding that need to be addressed in future lessons. In addition, group discussion and connection with theory allow the teacher to assess the effectiveness of the proposed activities and adjust their planning according to the needs and interests of the class.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes)

1. The teacher starts the Conclusion of the lesson by summarizing the main points covered. He recalls the different types of bones, the functions of the skeletal system, the importance of joints and cartilage, and how the skeletal system relates to other parts of the human body.
2. He highlights the answers found by students for the problem situations proposed at the beginning of the lesson, reinforcing the practical application of the acquired theoretical knowledge.
3. The teacher also emphasizes the importance of the practical activities carried out during the lesson, such as 'Evidence Recovery', 'Building a Skeleton', and 'Creating a Diagram', to facilitate the understanding and retention of the content.

Theory-Practice Connection (1 - 2 minutes)

1. Next, the teacher explains how the lesson connected theory, practice, and application. He emphasizes that studying the skeletal system is not limited to memorizing bone names and their functions, but to understand how these structures relate and work together to keep the human body in motion.
2. He highlights how the practical activities allowed students to apply theoretical knowledge in a playful and contextualized way, facilitating the understanding and retention of the content.

Supplementary Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

1. The teacher suggests some complementary study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of the skeletal system. This may include explanatory videos, animations, educational games, interactive anatomy websites, among others.
2. He also recommends reading chapters in textbooks or biology websites that address the skeletal system in detail and with illustrations.

Applications in Daily Life (1 - 2 minutes)

1. Finally, the teacher highlights the relevance of the skeletal system in daily life. He explains how good posture, regular physical activities, and balanced nutrition are essential for skeletal system health.
2. He also mentions how knowledge about the skeletal system is important for various professions and activities, such as doctors, physiotherapists, physical educators, athletes, among others.
3. The teacher concludes the lesson by reinforcing the importance of continuous learning and curiosity for effective learning, and encourages students to continue exploring the fascinating world of the human body.