Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. To understand the use of conjunctions in English: Students should be able to understand the concept of conjunctions in English, how they are used to connect ideas, phrases and clauses, and how they can change the meaning of a sentence.

2. To identify and apply conjunctions in different contexts: Students should be able to identify different conjunctions in a text and apply them correctly in their own writing and speaking.

3. To practice writing with the correct use of conjunctions: Students should be able to write coherent and cohesive texts, using conjunctions appropriately.

   • Secondary objectives:

     • To develop critical and analytical thinking skills: By working with conjunctions, students will have the opportunity to analyze and interpret texts in a more in-depth way, which can contribute to the development of their critical thinking skills.

     • To improve English proficiency: By learning how to use conjunctions correctly, students will be reinforcing their overall understanding of the English language, which can lead to an overall improvement in proficiency.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing previous topics that are essential for the understanding of the current topic. This may include reviewing parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs and adjectives, as well as reviewing basic English sentence structures. This review can be done through questions and answers with the students or through hands-on activities, such as rewriting incorrectly structured sentences.

2. Problem situation: Next, the teacher should present students with a couple of problem situations that involve the use of conjunctions. For example, they could be presented with a poorly written text that does not use conjunctions correctly, and ask students what is wrong and how they could correct the text. Another option could be to present students with two short sentences that express related ideas, and ask them to join the sentences into a single sentence using an appropriate conjunction.

3. Contextualization of the importance of the subject: The teacher should then explain to the students the importance of using conjunctions correctly in English. This can be done by discussing how conjunctions help make writing and speech clearer and more coherent, or by presenting examples of professional or academic texts that make effective use of conjunctions.

4. Grabbing the students' attention: To grab the students' attention, the teacher could share some fun facts about conjunctions. For example, they could mention that the word "and" is the most commonly used conjunction in English, or that there are many other words and phrases that can be used as conjunctions, including "but", "or", "because", "although", "since", "while", and many more. Another interesting fact is that, while conjunctions are often used to join ideas, they can also be used to contrast ideas, introduce conditions, explain reasons, and much more.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Role-playing Activity: "Conjunction Challenge" (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Activity Description: The teacher should divide the class into groups of 4 or 5 students. Each group will be given a scene from a famous movie or book in English. The scenes should be chosen in a way that they have several ideas and lines that could be connected using conjunctions. The goal of the challenge is for each group to rewrite the scene, keeping the same meaning, but adding as many conjunctions as possible.

   • Activity Steps:

     1. The teacher should form the groups and distribute the scenes.
     2. Each group should read the scene and then start working on rewriting it, discussing and deciding where and how to add conjunctions.
     3. After 10 minutes, each group should present their rewrite to the class, explaining the choices they made with the conjunctions.
     4. The teacher should lead a short discussion about the rewrites, highlighting the correct and interesting uses of conjunctions.

2. Research and Presentation Activity: "Conjunctions in the Real World" (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Activity Description: Still in groups, students will be challenged to research and find real-life examples of conjunctions being used in authentic English texts, such as news articles, blogs, professional emails, etc. They should identify the conjunctions used, explain their usage, and the effect they have on the text.

   • Activity Steps:

     1. The teacher should provide the students with a list of possible sources (e.g., news websites, popular blogs, websites of international companies, etc.) and orient them on how to search for conjunctions.
     2. Each group should select a source, research it, and take notes of the examples of conjunctions found.
     3. Then, each group should prepare a short presentation for the class, in which they will share the examples they found, explain the usage of the conjunctions, and discuss the effect they have on the text.
     4. After the presentations, the teacher should lead a discussion about the examples, clarifying doubts and highlighting the main points.

3. Game Activity: "Conjunction Quiz" (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Activity Description: To finalize the Development part, the teacher should organize a trivia game about conjunctions. The questions should involve correctly identifying conjunctions in sentences, choosing the appropriate conjunction to connect ideas, and analyzing the effect of conjunctions in texts.

   • Activity Steps:

     1. The teacher should prepare a list of questions of different difficulty levels, based on the content that has been taught so far.
     2. The students should be divided into teams and then the teacher asks the questions. The first team to raise their hand and answer correctly gets a point.
     3. The teacher should explain the correct answers and discuss any doubts that may arise.
     4. At the end of the game, the team with the most points wins the conjunctions challenge.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes)

   • Activity Description: The teacher should gather all the students and promote a group discussion about the solutions or conclusions found by each group during the Role-playing and Research and Presentation activities. This is an opportunity for the students to share their insights, learn from each other, and clarify any remaining doubts they may have.

   • Activity Steps:

     1. The teacher should ask a representative from each group to briefly share the solutions or conclusions their group found during the previous activities.
     2. The teacher should encourage the other students to ask questions, offer comments, or share their own experiences related to the topic.
     3. The teacher should facilitate the discussion, ensuring that all students have a chance to participate and that the conversation remains focused on the topic.

2. Theory-Practice Connection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Activity Description: The teacher should help the students make the connection between what they learned in class and how it applies to the real world. This can be done by discussing how conjunctions are used in everyday situations, such as in conversations, when reading English texts, or even when writing emails or messages.

   • Activity Steps:

     1. The teacher should start the discussion by asking the students how they think what they learned in class can be useful in their daily lives.
     2. The teacher should encourage the students to share examples of situations in which they have already used or could use conjunctions in English.
     3. The teacher should reinforce the importance of using conjunctions correctly for effective communication in English, and how it can help students express themselves more clearly and coherently.

3. Final Reflection (3 - 4 minutes)

   • Activity Description: The teacher should propose that the students individually reflect on what they learned in class. This can be done through reflection questions that encourage students to think about the most important concepts they learned, any questions or doubts they may still have, and how they can apply what they learned in their future classes or studies.

   • Activity Steps:

     1. The teacher should propose the following reflection questions and ask the students to think about them for a minute:
        • What was the most important concept you learned today?
        • What questions are still unanswered?
        • How can you apply what you learned today in your future classes or studies?
     2. After a minute, the teacher should ask some volunteers to share their answers with the class.
     3. The teacher should summarize the main ideas that were shared and thank the students for their participation and effort.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Activity Description: The teacher should summarize the main points covered during the lesson, recapping the concept of conjunctions, the different types of conjunctions, and how they are used to connect ideas, phrases, and clauses. Additionally, the teacher should recall the main conclusions or solutions found by the students during the hands-on activities.
   • Activity Steps:
     1. The teacher should start the summary by recapping the concept of conjunctions and their importance in the English language.
     2. Then, the teacher should recall the different types of conjunctions that were discussed and some examples of each type.
     3. The teacher should then recall the main conclusions or solutions found by the students during the hands-on activities, highlighting the correct and interesting uses of conjunctions.
     4. Finally, the teacher should summarize the main learning points of the lesson and reinforce the importance of using conjunctions correctly for effective communication in English.

2. Theory, Practice, and Applications Connection (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Activity Description: The teacher should explain how the lesson connected the theory of using conjunctions in English with practice through the Role-playing, Research and Presentation and Conjunction Quiz activities. Additionally, the teacher should highlight how the knowledge acquired in class can be applied in real situations, such as when reading and writing English texts, when communicating orally, and when taking English proficiency tests.
   • Activity Steps:
     1. The teacher should start by explaining how the theory of using conjunctions was presented in class.
     2. Then, the teacher should mention the different hands-on activities that were carried out to reinforce the theory, such as the Role-playing, the Research and Presentation, and the Conjunction Quiz.
     3. The teacher should then explain how the knowledge acquired in class can be applied in real situations, providing examples of how conjunctions are used when reading and writing English texts, when communicating orally, and when taking English proficiency tests.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Activity Description: The teacher should suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge about the use of conjunctions in English. These materials may include websites, books, videos, games, and online exercises that offer additional explanations and practice on the use of conjunctions.
   • Activity Steps:
     1. The teacher should start by listing the suggested materials, briefly explaining what they offer.
     2. Then, the teacher should inform the students about how to access these materials, whether through a link on the school's website, a printed handouts list, or an email message.
     3. The teacher should then encourage the students to explore these materials at their own pace and to contact the teacher if they have any questions or need further guidance.