Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

Main Objectives

1. Understand the context of the Russian Revolution, from the fall of Czar Nicholas II to the beginning of the revolutionary process, emphasizing the social, economic, and political conditions that led to this event.
2. Identify the main agents involved in the Russian Revolution and their respective contributions to the unfolding of events.
3. Analyze the immediate and long-term consequences of the Russian Revolution, both for Russia and the world, with a special focus on the establishment of the Soviet Union.

Secondary Objectives

1. Stimulate students' critical thinking by discussing different perspectives and interpretations of the Russian Revolution.
2. Develop research and historical analysis skills, encouraging students to seek additional information to enrich their understanding of the topic.
3. Foster classroom discussion through collaborative activities, promoting the exchange of ideas and respect for divergent opinions.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content:

   • The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students about the global context at the beginning of the 20th century, with emphasis on the social and political tensions that existed in Europe and Russia. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem Situations:

   • The teacher can propose two situations to arouse students' curiosity:
     1. "Imagine you are a peasant in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. What would be your main concerns and desires regarding the government and society in general?"
     2. "Suppose you are a worker in a Russian factory at the same time. How would you react to exploitation and poor working conditions?" (2 - 3 minutes)

3. Contextualization:

   • The teacher should explain the importance of studying the Russian Revolution, highlighting how this event had a significant impact not only on the history of Russia but also on world history, by establishing the world's first socialist state. It can be mentioned how the Russian Revolution influenced other revolutionary movements and global geopolitics. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic:

   • The teacher can present curiosities and interesting facts about the Russian Revolution to capture students' attention. Some examples include:
     1. "Did you know that the Russian Revolution was actually a series of events that took place over several years, culminating in the fall of the provisional government and the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin?"
     2. "And that the Russian Revolution was the first revolution to be broadcast in real time worldwide, due to advances in communication technologies, such as the telegraph and radio?" (3 - 4 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory: Phases of the Russian Revolution (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Phase 1: The Fall of the Czar (3 - 4 minutes)

     1. The teacher should start by explaining the first phase of the Russian Revolution, which was the fall of Czar Nicholas II.
     2. The political and social context of Russia at the time, the Czar's participation in the First World War, and popular dissatisfaction with the government will be addressed.
     3. The role of the soviets (workers' councils) and political parties in this process should be highlighted.

   • Phase 2: The Provisional Government and the Bolsheviks (3 - 4 minutes)

     1. Next, the teacher should explain the second phase, which was the rise of the Provisional Government and the Bolsheviks.
     2. The brief period of the Provisional Government's rule, the continuation of Russia's participation in the war, and popular dissatisfaction with the government's policies will be discussed.
     3. The role of Lenin and the Bolsheviks in seizing power will also be explored.

   • Phase 3: The Bolsheviks' Seizure of Power (3 - 4 minutes)

     1. The teacher should then address the third and final phase, which was the Bolsheviks' seizure of power and the formation of the Soviet Union.
     2. The role of the Red Army in the Russian Civil War and the implementation of socialist policies by the Bolsheviks will be discussed.
     3. The immediate consequences of this event, such as the abolition of the monarchy and the nationalization of the means of production, should also be emphasized.

2. Analysis: Reflections on the Russian Revolution (5 - 7 minutes)

   • After presenting the theory, the teacher should engage students in a discussion about the phases of the Russian Revolution and their implications.
   • Students will be encouraged to express their opinions and ideas, considering the situations proposed in the Introduction.
   • The teacher should guide the discussion, reinforcing the importance of historical context and multiple perspectives.
   • The teacher can also present different interpretations of the Russian Revolution, such as the Marxist view, the liberal view, and the conservative view, to stimulate students' critical thinking.

3. Practice: Group Activity (5 - 6 minutes)

   • To consolidate learning, the teacher should divide the class into small groups and propose the "Revolutionary Scenario" activity.
   • Each group will receive a scenario based on one of the periods of the Russian Revolution (the fall of the Czar, the provisional government, and the Bolshevik seizure of power).
   • Students will have to analyze the scenario, identify the main events and agents, and discuss the possible consequences.
   • After the group discussion, each group will present their conclusions to the class, promoting the exchange of ideas and respect for divergent opinions.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should facilitate a group discussion, allowing each group to share their conclusions from the "Revolutionary Scenario" activity.
   • Each group will have a maximum of 3 minutes to present their ideas, promoting synthesis and communication of the concepts learned.
   • During the presentations, the teacher should encourage other students to ask questions and make comments, fostering interaction and the exchange of ideas.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes)

   • After the presentations, the teacher should make the connection between the groups' conclusions and the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson.
   • The teacher can highlight how the actions and decisions of historical agents (Czar, Provisional Government, Bolsheviks, etc.) influenced the course of events, reinforcing the importance of studying history to understand the present and the future.
   • The teacher should also reinforce key concepts of the Russian Revolution, such as the phases of the revolutionary process, the socio-economic conditions of Russia at the time, and the consequences of the establishment of the Soviet Union.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose a moment of individual reflection, where students will have a minute to think about their answers to the following questions:
     1. "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
     2. "What questions have not been answered yet?"
   • After the minute of reflection, the teacher can invite some students to share their answers, promoting self-assessment and the expression of doubts.
   • The teacher should make an effort to answer students' questions and clarify any misunderstandings, reinforcing the idea that learning is a continuous process and that it is normal to have doubts.

4. Feedback and Closure (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and conclude the lesson, reinforcing the importance of studying history and wishing everyone a good day.
   • The teacher can also request feedback from students about the lesson, to improve future classes and adjust the teaching plan according to the needs and interests of the class.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the main points covered in the lesson, recalling the phases of the Russian Revolution, the agents involved, and the consequences for Russia and the world.
   • The importance of historical context, socio-economic conditions, and the actions of different groups and individuals for understanding the revolutionary process should be reinforced.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should highlight how the lesson connected theory, with the presentation of the phases of the Russian Revolution, and practice, with the group activity "Revolutionary Scenario".
   • It should be emphasized how analyzing the scenarios allowed students to apply theoretical concepts in a more concrete and contextualized way.

3. Additional Materials (1 minute)

   • Next, the teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of the Russian Revolution.
   • These materials may include books, documentaries, films, and reliable websites. Some examples could be: "The Russian Revolution" by Richard Pipes, "A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution" by Orlando Figes, "The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia" by Orlando Figes, and the documentary "The Russian Revolution: A Tragic Hope" by the BBC.

4. Relevance of the Topic (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the relevance of studying the Russian Revolution for understanding the current world.
   • It should be highlighted how the Russian Revolution influenced not only the history of the 20th century but also global geopolitics and ideas about politics, economy, and society.
   • The teacher can make connections with current events, such as the persistence of socialist ideas, Russia's influence on the international stage, and debates about democracy and dictatorship.

This is the end of the lesson plan. The teacher can adapt the time for each stage according to the class's needs, but it is important to ensure that all Objectives have been achieved and that students have had the opportunity to actively participate in the lesson through discussions, group activities, and individual reflections.