Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the historical context of the Russian Revolution: The teacher must ensure that students understand the political, social and economic situation of Russia in the early 20th century, understanding the fall of tsarism and the rise of the revolutionary movement.

2. Explore the different phases of the Russian Revolution: Students should be able to distinguish between the February Revolution and the October Revolution, identifying the main events and actors involved in each of them.

3. Analyze the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution: Students should be able to identify the main reasons that led to the revolution, as well as the significant changes that occurred in Russia after the revolution.

Secondary objectives:

• Develop research and critical analysis skills: Students should be encouraged to seek additional information outside the classroom and to critically analyze the sources of information.
• Promote debate and discussion: The teacher should encourage students to discuss and debate the different aspects of the Russian Revolution, promoting a deeper understanding of the topic.

During the Objectives setting stage, the teacher should clearly explain to students what will be learned in the lesson and how these Objectives fit into the overall History curriculum.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recalling previous content: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students about the European context at the beginning of the 20th century, highlighting the power of empires, regional conflicts and the influence of socialist and Marxist ideologies. This review will help place students in the global context of the Russian Revolution.

2. Presenting the scenario: Next, the teacher should present two problem situations:

   a. The first situation could be the description of life in pre-revolutionary Russia, highlighting the oppression of tsarism, the widespread poverty and the growing popular dissatisfaction.

   b. The second situation could be the description of the beginning of the Russian Revolution, when Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and a provisional government took power. The teacher should emphasize the uncertainty and instability of this period, and ask students what they think could have happened next.

3. Contextualizing the importance of the topic: The teacher should then explain the importance of the Russian Revolution, highlighting that it was one of the most significant events of the 20th century, which had a lasting impact not only on Russia but throughout the world. The teacher can cite examples such as the formation of the Soviet Union, the Cold War and the influence of socialist ideas on the global labor movement.

4. Introducing the topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic of the class - "Russian Revolution: From the Fall of the Tsar to the Revolutionary Process" - explaining that in this class students will learn about the events that led to the fall of tsarism, the phases of the revolution and their consequences. The teacher can use visual aids, such as images of protests and revolutionary posters, to arouse students' interest.

During the Introduction, the teacher should try to engage students by asking questions, encouraging discussion and connecting the new material to what students already know.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Simulation Activity (10 - 15 minutes):

   • "The Fall of the Tsar" - Role Play: The teacher should divide the class into groups of five or six students. Each group will represent one of the main actors of the Russian Revolution (Tsar Nicholas II, Bolshevik leader Lenin, leaders of the Russian Army, peasants, workers, etc.).
   • The teacher should provide each group with a brief description of their character (social status, interests, political views, etc.) and a summary of the events leading to the fall of tsarism.
   • Each group should then discuss among themselves and plan how to persuade other groups to support their vision for the future of Russia. Afterwards, each group should present their perspective in a mock debate.
   • This activity will help students better understand the conflict of interests and the ideologies at stake during the Russian Revolution, as well as the dynamics of the revolutionary process.

2. Research Activity (10 - 15 minutes):

   • "Post-Revolution Scenario" - Source Analysis: The teacher should provide each group with a series of primary and secondary sources on the changes that occurred in Russia after the Revolution, such as photographs, letters, speeches, newspaper articles, etc.
   • Each group should examine the sources, discuss what they reveal about life in post-revolutionary Russia and present their findings to the class.
   • This activity will allow students to apply their research and critical analysis skills, and will help consolidate their understanding of the consequences of the Russian Revolution.

3. Group Discussion Activity (5 - 10 minutes):

   • "The Russian Revolution and the World" - Debate: The teacher should propose a group debate on the impact of the Russian Revolution on the world.
   • The teacher can provide students with a list of topics to start the discussion, such as the formation of the Soviet Union, the influence of communism, the Cold War, etc.
   • Each group should discuss the assigned topic and present their conclusions to the class.
   • This activity will allow students to apply their research, critical analysis and argumentation skills, as well as promote a deeper understanding of the topic.

During the Development, the teacher should move around the room, observe the discussions, provide feedback and clarify any doubts that students may have. The teacher should also ensure that all students are actively participating and that the discussions remain focused on the topic.

Feedback (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher should call the attention of all students and promote a group discussion on the solutions or conclusions found by each group during the simulation, research and debate activities.
   • The teacher should ensure that all students are involved in the discussion, allowing each group to share their ideas and discoveries.
   • During the discussion, the teacher should ask questions to stimulate critical thinking and deepen students' understanding of the Russian Revolution.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes):

   • After the discussion, the teacher should make a brief recap of the class, highlighting how the practical activities connect with the theory.
   • The teacher should reinforce the main concepts of the Russian Revolution, such as the fall of tsarism, the phases of the revolution, the causes and consequences of the revolution, and how these were explored during the activities.
   • The teacher should also emphasize the skills developed during the class, such as research, critical analysis, debate and argumentation.

3. Individual Reflection (3 - 5 minutes):

   • Finally, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they have learned during the lesson.
   • The teacher can provide some questions to guide the reflection, such as: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "What questions are still unanswered?".
   • Students should write down their answers and be encouraged to share them in the next class or through an online forum.
   • Individual reflection is an effective way to encourage students to take ownership of their own learning and to identify any areas where they may need more help or clarification.

During the Feedback, the teacher should be mindful of the time and ensure that all steps are completed. The teacher should also be open to questions and feedback from students, and willing to adjust the lesson as needed to meet the learning needs of the class.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of the Lesson (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion phase by recapping the main points covered during the lesson. This includes the pre-revolutionary situation in Russia, the fall of tsarism, the phases of the Russian Revolution (February and October), and the main causes and consequences of the revolutionary process.
   • The teacher should ensure that students have a clear understanding of these topics before moving on.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should then explain how the lesson connected theory, practice and real-world applications of the topic. This may involve discussing how the simulation, research and debate activities helped illustrate the events of the Russian Revolution and the complexity of the revolutionary process.
   • The teacher should emphasize how understanding these historical events can help better understand the contemporary world.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should suggest additional materials for students who wish to delve deeper into the Russian Revolution. This could include books, documentaries, history websites and academic articles.
   • The teacher could, for example, recommend the book "Ten Days that Shook the World" by John Reed, an American journalist who witnessed the October Revolution firsthand.

4. Relevance of the Topic (1 minute):

   • Finally, the teacher should summarize the importance of the lesson topic, highlighting how the Russian Revolution shaped Russia and the world in the 20th century.
   • The teacher can emphasize that, in addition to being a significant historical event, the Russian Revolution also has present-day implications, especially with regard to the ideas of socialism and communism and to international relations.

During the Conclusion, the teacher should ensure that all students have understood the main concepts and are prepared to continue learning about the topic. The teacher should be available to answer any final questions and should encourage students to explore the topic further in their own time.