Lesson Plan | Technical Methodology | Marx and Nietzsche

Objectives

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

This stage of the lesson plan aims to establish a solid foundation for understanding the ideas of Marx and Nietzsche, contextualizing their theories within the 19th century and tracing their influence to the present day. The development of these practical and reflective skills is essential to prepare students for the challenges of the job market, where critical analysis and theoretical-practical connection capabilities are highly valued.

Main Objectives

1. Understand the main ideas and thoughts of Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche.

2. Analyze the historical context of the 19th century and how it influenced the ideas of these thinkers.

3. Identify the influence of Marx and Nietzsche in the contemporary world.

Side Objectives

1. Promote the ability for critical reflection on philosophical ideas.
2. Encourage the skill of connecting philosophical theories with practical and current situations.

Introduction

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

Purpose: This stage aims to introduce students to the lesson's theme in an interesting and relevant way, connecting the ideas of Marx and Nietzsche with real situations and the job market. The initial activity serves to engage students and stimulate critical thinking from the very start of the lesson.

Contextualization

Contextualization: In the 19th century, the world underwent profound transformations due to the Industrial Revolution, which brought technological advancements but also social inequality and labor exploitation. It is in this scenario that Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche emerged, two thinkers who questioned the social, political, and cultural structures of their time. While Marx criticized capitalism and proposed a classless society, Nietzsche challenged traditional moral values and promoted the idea of the 'Übermensch.' Understanding the ideas of these philosophers is crucial to comprehending contemporary social and cultural dynamics.

Curiosities and Market Connection

Curiosities and Market Connection: Marx is often cited in debates about economic inequality and workers' rights. His ideas have influenced labor movements and public policies around the world. Nietzsche, on the other hand, is a central figure in discussions about ethics, psychology, and culture, influencing areas such as marketing and leadership. Modern companies use concepts inspired by Nietzsche to promote innovation and creativity, encouraging employees to 'think outside the box.'

Initial Activity

Initial Activity: Show a short video (3-5 minutes) that visually and dynamically introduces the main ideas of Marx and Nietzsche. Then, pose a provocative question for discussion in small groups: 'How do you think the ideas of Marx and Nietzsche can be applied in today's work environment?'

Development

Duration: 55 - 65 minutes

This stage aims to deepen students' understanding of the ideas of Marx and Nietzsche through practical and reflective activities. The simulated debate promotes the interactive and collaborative application of acquired knowledge, while the fixation exercises ensure that students consolidate the discussed concepts.

Covered Topics

1. Main ideas of Karl Marx: Historical materialism, Class struggle, Surplus value.
2. Main ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche: Will to power, Eternal return, Übermensch.
3. Historical context of the 19th century: Industrial Revolution, Social and political movements.
4. Influence of Marx and Nietzsche in the contemporary world: Social movements, Public policies, Culture, and ethics.

Reflections on the Theme

Guide students to reflect on how the ideas of Marx and Nietzsche, although developed in the 19th century, can be observed in contemporary social, economic, and cultural dynamics. Ask how Marx's critiques of capitalism and Nietzsche's deconstruction of traditional moral values resonate in contemporary market practices and work relationships.

Mini Challenge

Mini Challenge: Simulated Debate on Ideas of Marx and Nietzsche

Students will be divided into groups and conduct a simulated debate, with each group representing one of the main ideas of Marx or Nietzsche. They must defend their positions based on readings and research conducted beforehand.

Instructions

1. Divide the class into four groups, each representing one of the main ideas of Marx or Nietzsche (Historical materialism, Class struggle, Will to power, Übermensch).
2. Provide 10 minutes for students to review their notes and prepare for the debate.
3. Each group will have 5 minutes to present their idea and argue in favor of it.
4. After all presentations, open the floor for questions and answers between the groups, encouraging the exchange of ideas and arguments.
5. Conclude the debate with a joint reflection on what was discussed and how these ideas can be connected to the current world.

Objective: Stimulate the ability to argue, a deep understanding of philosophical ideas, and the skill to connect these ideas with contemporary contexts.

Duration: 30 - 40 minutes

Evaluation Exercises

1. What are Karl Marx's main critiques of capitalism?
2. Explain Nietzsche's concept of the 'Übermensch' and how it challenges traditional moral values.
3. How did the historical context of the 19th century influence the ideas of Marx and Nietzsche?
4. Give examples of how the ideas of Marx and Nietzsche can be observed in contemporary market practices and work relationships.

Conclusion

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to consolidate students' learning, providing a clear and integrated view of the topics addressed. The conclusion serves to reinforce the importance of the discussed ideas and their practical application, ensuring that students leave the class with a solid and relevant understanding for the contemporary world.

Discussion

Promote a final discussion where students can share their perceptions of what they learned. Ask how the ideas of Marx and Nietzsche can be applied in their personal lives and future careers. Encourage students to reflect on the challenges and exercises undertaken during the class and how these moments contributed to their understanding of the addressed themes.

Summary

Recap the main content presented about Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche, highlighting concepts such as historical materialism, class struggle, surplus value, will to power, eternal return, and Übermensch. Provide a brief review of the historical context of the 19th century and how this period influenced the ideas of these thinkers. Also highlight the influences of Marx and Nietzsche in the contemporary world.

Closing

Explain how the lesson connected theory and practice through interactive activities, simulated debate, and reflections. Highlight the importance of developing critical analysis and argumentation skills, which are valuable in the job market. Emphasize the relevance of the ideas of Marx and Nietzsche to understand current social, economic, and cultural dynamics, and how these theories can be applied in various professional areas.