Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the historical and philosophical context of Kant, Hegel, and Freud: The teacher must ensure that students understand the socio-political and cultural conditions that shaped the thinking of these three philosophers. This includes the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution, the First and Second World Wars, and the rise of capitalism and socialism.

2. Analyze and compare the main ideas of Kant, Hegel, and Freud: Students should be able to identify the main contributions of each philosopher to modern philosophy, as well as the similarities and differences between their approaches. This includes Kant's transcendental philosophy, Hegel's absolute idealism, and Freud's psychoanalysis.

3. Reflect on the relevance of the ideas of Kant, Hegel, and Freud to the current world: The teacher should guide students to consider how the ideas of these philosophers are still relevant and influential today. This may include discussions on ethics, politics, psychology, and worldview.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop critical thinking skills: Through the analysis and comparison of the ideas of Kant, Hegel, and Freud, students should enhance their critical thinking and argumentation skills.

• Promote group discussion: The teacher should encourage students to discuss and debate the ideas presented, thus promoting collaborative thinking and effective communication.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous contents: To start the class, the teacher should briefly review the concepts of modern philosophy and the main philosophers covered so far. This includes Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and other Enlightenment thinkers. This review will allow students to establish connections with the new content to be presented.

2. Problem situations: The teacher can propose two situations to arouse students' interest:

   • Situation 1: "Imagine you are an ordinary citizen living in 18th-century Europe. How could the ideas of Kant, Hegel, and Freud influence your worldview and your perception of society?"

   • Situation 2: "Suppose you are a psychologist working with a patient suffering from deep emotional problems. Which approach would you adopt: Kant's transcendental philosophy, Hegel's absolute idealism, or Freud's psychoanalysis? Why?"

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of studying these philosophers, highlighting how their ideas shaped modern philosophy, psychology, politics, and ethics. Additionally, they should emphasize how their ideas continue to influence contemporary thought.

4. Capturing students' attention: To arouse students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about the philosophers to be studied:

   • Curiosity 1: "Did you know that Kant was such a methodical philosopher that, according to reports, he had such a precise daily routine that neighbors could set their clocks when they saw him on his morning walk?"

   • Curiosity 2: "Did you know that Hegel was known for his complex and obscure writing style, and that many of his contemporaries considered his works practically impenetrable?"

   • Curiosity 3: "Did you know that Freud was a great fan of Shakespeare and that many of his theories were influenced by his readings of the English playwright's works?"

Development (25 - 30 minutes)

1. Activity "The Philosophy Wheel" (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher divides the class into groups of 3 to 4 students. Each group receives a large circle of cardboard, representing the "Philosophy Wheel." The circle is divided into three equal parts. Each part is labeled with the name of one of the philosophers to be studied: Kant, Hegel, and Freud.

   • Step 1: Each group receives small cards and pens. They must write the main ideas of each philosopher on the cards and stick them in the corresponding part of the wheel. For example, a card for Kant may have "transcendental philosophy" written on it, and another "categorical imperative."

   • Step 2: After all cards are stuck, the groups should discuss among themselves to determine the connections between the philosophers' ideas. They should then use colored strings to create a web that connects the ideas of the three philosophers. For example, they can use a red string to connect ideas about ethics, a blue string to connect ideas about politics, and so on.

   • Step 3: Finally, each group must present their "Philosophy Wheel" to the class, explaining the connections they made and how these ideas apply to the current world.

2. Activity "Philosophical Debate" (10 - 12 minutes): After the previous activity, the teacher proposes a debate. The teacher divides the class into two groups, one defending that Kant's ideas are the most relevant for the modern world and the other defending that Freud's ideas are the most relevant.

   • Step 1: Each group will have 5 minutes to prepare their arguments, based on the "Philosophy Wheel" and previous discussions. They can use the cards as reminders of their main ideas.

   • Step 2: Then, each group will have 3 minutes to present their arguments. The opposing group will have 2 minutes to refute the arguments presented.

   • Step 3: After the presentations, the teacher should facilitate a class discussion, allowing students to reflect on the arguments presented and on the relevance of Kant and Freud's ideas to the current world.

3. Activity "Creation of a Philosophical Manifesto" (5 - 6 minutes): To conclude the Development stage, the teacher proposes that each group creates a "Philosophical Manifesto" based on the ideas of Kant, Hegel, and Freud.

   • Step 1: Each group must choose an aspect of the philosophers' ideas (for example, ethics, politics, psychology) and develop a set of principles or guidelines that they believe are relevant to the current world.

   • Step 2: They should write the manifesto on a large poster, using colors and images to make it visually appealing.

   • Step 3: At the end of the class, each group will present their manifesto to the class, briefly explaining their ideas and what they mean to them. The teacher should encourage the class to ask questions and make comments, thus promoting a final discussion on the philosophers' ideas and their relevance to the current world.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should promote a group discussion with all students, allowing each group to share their conclusions from the activities carried out. The teacher should ensure that all ideas and perspectives are heard and valued, encouraging an open and respectful conversation. During this discussion, the following points should be addressed:

   • What were the main ideas of Kant, Hegel, and Freud that emerged from the activities?

   • How do the philosophers' ideas connect and apply to the current world, as presented in the "Philosophical Manifestos" created by the groups?

   • What questions remain unanswered or generate further discussion?

2. Learning Verification (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should ask questions to verify students' understanding of the fundamental concepts presented. This may include questions such as:

   • What is Kant's categorical imperative and how does it relate to ethics?

   • How does Hegel's absolute idealism influence our understanding of politics and society?

   • What are the main concepts of Freud's psychoanalysis and how do they apply to modern psychology?

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned during the class. They should think about the following questions:

   • What was the most important concept you learned today?

   • What questions have not been answered yet?

   • How can you apply the ideas of Kant, Hegel, and Freud in your daily life or future career?

4. Feedback and Closure (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should ask for feedback from the students about the class, encouraging them to express any concerns or doubts they may have. The teacher should thank the students for their participation and effort, and encourage them to continue exploring the concepts presented in their readings and future studies.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should recap the main points covered in the class, reinforcing students' understanding of the ideas of Kant, Hegel, and Freud. This may include a synthesis of each philosopher's main contributions, the connections between their philosophies, and how their ideas apply to the current world. The teacher should ensure that students have a clear understanding of these concepts before moving on.

2. Theory-Practice Connection (1 minute): The teacher should emphasize how the practical activities carried out during the class, such as the "Philosophy Wheel," the "Philosophical Debate," and the creation of the "Philosophical Manifesto," allowed students not only to understand the philosophers' ideas but also to apply and relate them to real-world situations. This will help students see the relevance and applicability of philosophy in their daily lives.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute): The teacher should suggest additional reading and study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of the philosophers and their ideas. This may include books, articles, videos, podcasts, and reliable websites. The teacher should encourage students to explore these materials on their own, as this will help strengthen their understanding and further develop their critical thinking skills.

4. Relevance in Daily Life (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of Kant, Hegel, and Freud's ideas in students' daily lives. It should be highlighted how Kantian ethics can influence decision-making, how Hegel's idealism can be applied to understanding social and political phenomena, and how Freud's psychoanalysis can help understand and deal with human emotions and behaviors. The teacher should reinforce that even if students do not become professional philosophers, understanding these ideas can enrich their lives and their interactions with the world around them.