Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the basic rules and characteristics of volleyball, including players' positions and types of plays.
2. Acquire knowledge about the history of volleyball, including its origin, evolution, and main championships.
3. Apply the acquired knowledge about the rules and characteristics of volleyball in practical activities to reinforce the understanding of the topic.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulate collaboration and teamwork through sports.
• Develop motor skills and coordination through volleyball practice.
• Promote the importance of sports for physical and mental health.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Related Content: The teacher starts by recalling the basic concepts of the sport, such as the importance of teamwork, motor coordination, and discipline. Additionally, they can briefly review other team sports that were previously studied to compare them with volleyball. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios: The teacher can propose two situations that challenge the students to think about volleyball and its rules:

   • Scenario 1: 'Imagine you are playing a volleyball match and one of the players touches the ball twice in a row. What would be the referee's decision?'
   • Scenario 2: 'You are watching a volleyball match and notice that a player attacked the ball before the 3-meter line. What would be the implications of this?' (4 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher can explain the importance of volleyball as a popular sport, practiced in many countries, and having international championships such as the FIVB Volleyball World League and the FIVB Volleyball World Cup. Additionally, they can mention that volleyball is an Olympic sport, further highlighting its relevance. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic: The teacher introduces the topic by explaining that volleyball is a game that requires skill, speed, strategy, and teamwork. They can mention that despite appearing simple, volleyball has a series of rules and characteristics that players must know to play correctly.

   • Curiosity 1: 'Did you know that volleyball was created as an alternative to basketball, for people who did not want such a physical sport? It was developed by William G. Morgan in 1895, in Massachusetts, United States.'
   • Curiosity 2: 'Did you know that Brazil is one of the most successful countries in volleyball? Our men's and women's national teams have won several World Championships and Olympic Games.' (5 - 7 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Volleyball Practical Activity: (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Organization: The teacher divides the class into small groups, preferably of six students each, to simulate volleyball teams. Each student in a group takes on a volleyball position (setter, attacker, libero, etc.). The teacher must ensure that all students understand their roles and responsibilities in the game.
   • Execution: Each group will have the opportunity to play a short volleyball match on the school court, applying the rules discussed in the introduction. The teacher acts as the match referee, reinforcing the rules when necessary and correcting errors.
   • Reflection: After each match, the teacher should facilitate a quick discussion with the group, asking about the difficulties encountered, the strategies used, and what could be improved next time.

2. Research and Presentation Activity: (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Preparation: After the practical activity, the students are gathered again in the classroom, where the teacher proposes research on the history of volleyball and its main championships. Each group will receive a specific subtopic to research (for example, the origin of volleyball, the history of Brazilian championships, Brazil's participation in international championships, etc).
   • Execution: Students have approximately 10 minutes to research on their phones or tablets about the assigned subtopic. They should prepare a quick presentation, about 2 minutes long, to share their findings with the rest of the class.
   • Presentation: Each group presents their findings, while the teacher and other students can ask questions or make comments to deepen the discussion. The teacher must ensure that all presented information is correct and add any relevant information that may have been omitted.

These activities help students apply in practice the knowledge acquired about volleyball rules and get to know more about the history of this sport. Additionally, they promote teamwork, effective communication, and critical thinking.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes): After the presentations, the teacher gathers all students for a joint discussion. Each group briefly shares their main findings and conclusions. The teacher encourages students to ask each other questions and express their opinions on the different subtopics. This discussion allows students to see the connection between volleyball rules, sports practice, and its history.

2. Connection with Theory (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher leads a reflection on how the volleyball games and research connect with what was discussed in the lesson introduction. The teacher may ask: 'How did playing the game help you better understand the rules? How did the research on volleyball history and championships influence the way you view the sport?'. The goal is to make students realize the importance of understanding both theory and practice.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher proposes a moment of individual reflection, where students should think about what they have learned. The teacher can ask questions like:

   1. 'What was the most important concept you learned today?'
   2. 'What questions have not been answered yet?'
   3. 'How can you apply what you learned today in your daily life or in other subjects?'

This reflection moment helps internalize the learning and identify any knowledge gaps that still exist. Students can write down their answers, and the teacher can request them as feedback to plan future lessons.

4. Lesson Closure: The teacher concludes the lesson by summarizing the main points discussed and activities carried out. They can also give a preview of what will be covered in the next lesson and encourage students to continue researching volleyball if they wish. It is important for the teacher to reinforce the day's learnings and motivate students for the upcoming lessons.

This return period is crucial to consolidate what was learned, create connections between theory and practice, and promote reflection on the learning. Additionally, it provides valuable feedback to the teacher to adjust their future lessons.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Recap (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher starts by summarizing the main points discussed during the lesson. They can review volleyball rules, players' positions, types of plays, and the importance of teamwork in this sport. Additionally, they should highlight the main moments of volleyball history and championships, as presented by the students in the research activities.

2. Connecting Theory with Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should explain how the game and research activities helped students connect theory with practice. They can cite examples of how the rules were applied during the games and how the research enriched students' understanding of volleyball's history and relevance.

3. Additional Materials Suggestions (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher can suggest additional materials for students who want to deepen their knowledge of volleyball. This may include books, documentaries, specialized websites, and replays of volleyball games. Additionally, they can encourage students to watch a live volleyball match or on TV, paying attention to the rules and players' strategies.

4. Application in Daily Life (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of volleyball in daily life. They can mention that volleyball, besides being a fun and challenging sport, also helps develop important skills such as teamwork, motor coordination, and strategy. Additionally, they can talk about the importance of sports for physical and mental health.

The conclusion is an essential part of the lesson plan, as it helps consolidate learning, establish connections between theory and practice, and encourages students to continue learning about the topic. It should be clear, concise, and inspiring, to motivate students to apply what they have learned in their lives and seek additional knowledge.