Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding Ohm's 1st Law: Students should be able to understand and explain Ohm's 1st Law, which relates the electric current passing through a conductor to its voltage and resistance. They should understand that the current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.

2. Applying Ohm's 1st Law in Practical Problems: In addition to understanding the law, students should be able to apply it in practical problems. This includes the ability to calculate the current, voltage, or resistance, given the other two variables.

3. Relating Ohm's 1st Law to Everyday Experiences: Students should be able to identify everyday situations that exemplify the application of Ohm's 1st Law. This will help consolidate their understanding of the law and see the importance of electricity in their lives.

Secondary Objectives:

• Promoting Discussions and Reflections: Students should be encouraged to discuss and reflect on how Ohm's 1st Law applies in different contexts. This will help develop their critical thinking skills and deepen their understanding of the topic.

• Stimulating Interest in Physics: Through practical examples and real-world applications, the lesson should help spark students' interest in the study of Physics, showing how theoretical principles apply in real-life situations.

• Promoting Teamwork: Group activities should encourage students to work together, share ideas, and solve problems collaboratively.

• Developing Problem-Solving Skills: Problem-solving involving Ohm's 1st Law will help students develop their problem-solving skills, a useful skill for life in general and especially important for the discipline of Physics.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Concepts: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the basic concepts of electricity that were covered in previous classes. This includes defining electric current, voltage, and resistance, and how these terms are measured. Additionally, it is important to review the difference between direct current and alternating current, as this may be relevant to the discussion on Ohm's 1st Law.

2. Problem Situation: The teacher can then present two problem situations to the students that will serve as a starting point for the Introduction to Ohm's 1st Law:

   a. Why does a flashlight bulb shine brighter when we replace the battery with a new one?

   b. Why does an electrical wire get hot when a lot of current passes through it?

   The teacher should encourage students to hypothesize about the answers to these questions before continuing with the lesson.

3. Contextualization: The teacher should emphasize the importance of electricity in our daily lives, mentioning examples of how it is used in our homes, schools, hospitals, industries, etc. This should help spark students' interest in the topic and show the relevance of what they are learning.

4. Capturing Students' Attention: To capture students' attention, the teacher can share some curiosities or stories about electricity. Here are some suggestions:

   a. The story of how Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla competed to see who could electrify the United States first, with Edison promoting direct current and Tesla alternating current.

   b. The fact that electricity travels almost at the speed of light, which means that when we turn on a light bulb, it lights up instantly, even if the wire is very long.

   c. The curiosity that electricity is constantly flowing around us, even when we are not using it, as many appliances and devices are always on standby mode.

5. Introduction to the Topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic of the lesson - Ohm's 1st Law - explaining that it is one of the most fundamental laws of electricity and is used to understand and control the flow of electricity in circuits. The teacher should mention that this law was formulated by Georg Simon Ohm, a German physicist, in 1827, and that it establishes a relationship between three quantities - current, voltage, and resistance - that are essential for understanding electricity.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory of Ohm's 1st Law (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher should start by explaining the theory of Ohm's 1st Law. He/she should:

   a. Define the Law: Explain that Ohm's 1st Law states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across its terminals and inversely proportional to the conductor's resistance.

   b. Formula of the Law: Present the formula of the law, which is I = V/R, where I is the current in amperes (A), V is the voltage in volts (V), and R is the resistance in ohms (Ω).

   c. Describe each Quantity: Explain the meaning of each of the quantities in the formula: current, voltage, and resistance.

   d. Present the Graph: Show the graph representing Ohm's 1st Law, where the current is the y-axis, the voltage is the x-axis, and the resistance is the slope of the curve.

   e. Examples of Applications: Give examples of everyday situations that illustrate the application of Ohm's 1st Law, such as changing a light bulb or using an electrical wire.

2. Practice Exercises (5 - 7 minutes): After explaining the theory, the teacher should propose some simple exercises for students to solve in the classroom. The exercises should involve the direct application of Ohm's 1st Law, such as calculating the current, voltage, or resistance given the other two variables. The teacher should circulate around the room, helping students who have difficulties and correcting the exercises on the board.

3. Group Discussion (5 - 6 minutes): To deepen students' understanding of Ohm's 1st Law, the teacher should propose a group discussion. Students should discuss in their teams how the law applies in different everyday contexts. The teacher should circulate around the room, listening to the discussions and clarifying any doubts that may arise. At the end of the discussion, each group should present their conclusions to the class.

4. Practical Activity (optional) (5 - 7 minutes): If time and resources are available, the teacher can propose a practical activity to reinforce the concept of Ohm's 1st Law. This may include assembling a simple circuit using a battery, some wires, and a light bulb, and measuring the current, voltage, and resistance with a multimeter. The teacher should guide the students during the activity and help them make the connection between theory and practice.

Return (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Concepts (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should start the Return stage by reviewing the main concepts that were covered in the lesson. This includes the definition of Ohm's 1st Law, the formula that represents it, the meaning of each of the quantities in the formula (current, voltage, and resistance), and how these quantities are related. The teacher should ask targeted questions to assess students' understanding of these concepts.

2. Connection to Practice (3 - 4 minutes): Next, the teacher should help students make the connection between theory and practice, explaining how Ohm's 1st Law applies in real situations. This may include reviewing the practical examples discussed during the lesson, such as changing a light bulb or using an electrical wire, and discussing new examples, if time allows. The teacher should encourage students to share their own experiences and observations about the application of Ohm's 1st Law in their daily lives.

3. Reflection on Learning (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then ask students to reflect on what they learned during the lesson. He/she can ask questions like:

   a. What was the most important concept you learned today?

   b. What questions have not been answered yet?

   c. How can you apply what you learned today in your daily life?

   Students should have a minute to think about their answers, and then a few volunteers can be invited to share their reflections with the class.

4. Feedback and Questions (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should ask for feedback from students about the lesson. He/she should ask if they found the lesson helpful, if they understood the concepts presented well, if they had difficulties at any point, etc. The teacher should encourage students to be honest in their feedback and to express any doubts or concerns they may have. He/she should reinforce that learning is a continuous process and that he/she is always open to hearing feedback and improving his/her lessons based on it.

5. Homework Assignment (optional) (1 - 2 minutes): If there is time and the teacher deems it necessary, he/she can assign homework to the students. This may include solving more exercises on Ohm's 1st Law, researching additional examples of its real-life application, or preparing for the next lesson, which may address topics related to electricity.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion of the lesson by giving a brief summary of the main contents discussed. He/she should recall the definition of Ohm's 1st Law, the formula that represents it, and the meaning of each of the quantities in the formula. Additionally, he/she should reinforce the importance of applying the law to understand and control the flow of electricity in circuits.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should highlight how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. He/she should emphasize that the theory of Ohm's 1st Law was explained clearly and didactically, that students had the opportunity to practice applying the law in exercises and discussions, and that they could see how the law applies in real-life situations.

3. Additional Study Materials (1 minute): The teacher should then suggest some additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of Ohm's 1st Law. This may include Physics books, educational websites, explanatory videos, etc. The teacher should emphasize that these materials are optional but can be useful for students who want to study more about the subject.

4. Relevance of the Content (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the content covered for students' lives. He/she should explain that electricity is an essential part of our lives, and that Ohm's 1st Law helps us understand and control the flow of electricity in our homes, schools, hospitals, industries, etc. The teacher should end the lesson by reinforcing the idea that Physics is not just a school subject, but a science that helps us understand and make use of the world around us.