Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand what voltmeters and ammeters are, their functions, and how they are used in electrical circuits. Students should be able to define these instruments and explain what they measure in a circuit.

2. Learn how to connect and use a voltmeter and an ammeter in a circuit. Students should be able to identify the correct connection points for these instruments and understand how to read the measured values.

3. Develop the practical skills necessary to handle these instruments safely. Students should be able to handle the instruments correctly, following appropriate safety standards.

Secondary Objectives:

• Understand the importance of using these instruments in solving problems in electrical circuits.
• Develop critical thinking skills when analyzing the results obtained through these instruments and relating them to the theoretical concepts discussed in the classroom.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of basic concepts (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing basic electricity concepts, such as current, voltage, and resistance. These concepts are fundamental to understanding how voltmeters and ammeters work. The teacher can use practical examples and diagrams to help students recall these concepts.

2. Problem-solving situations (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher can then present two problem-solving situations to engage students. For example:

   • How would you measure the voltage in a circuit? How would you know if the current is flowing correctly?
   • Imagine you are building a circuit and need to check if the voltage and current are correct. What would you do?

   These problem-solving situations serve to contextualize the importance of voltmeters and ammeters and to show students that they will be able to solve these problems by the end of the lesson.

3. Contextualization (2 - 3 minutes): Next, the teacher should contextualize the subject's importance, explaining how voltmeters and ammeters are used in everyday life. For example, they are used by electricians to check voltage and current in outlets and switches, and also by engineers to design and test electronic circuits.

4. Topic presentation (3 - 5 minutes): Finally, the teacher should introduce the lesson's topic - voltmeters and ammeters. They can explain that these are measuring instruments used to measure voltage (voltmeters) and current (ammeters) in a circuit. Additionally, the teacher can share interesting facts or applications of these instruments to spark students' curiosity. For example, the voltmeter and ammeter are used together to measure power in a circuit, which is the amount of energy being used. Or, the teacher can mention that the ammeter is named after André-Marie Ampère, one of the founders of the field of electrodynamics.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Practical activity with a simple circuit (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher should prepare a practical activity where students will have the opportunity to connect and use a voltmeter and an ammeter in a simple circuit. To do this, the teacher should provide the necessary materials, such as a battery, light bulbs, wires, and the measuring instruments themselves.

   • Step 1: The teacher will divide the class into small groups. Each group will receive the necessary materials.
   • Step 2: The teacher will briefly explain the circuit that students will assemble, showing the points where the voltmeters and ammeters should be connected.
   • Step 3: Under the teacher's guidance, students will assemble the circuit, correctly connecting the measuring instruments.
   • Step 4: Once the circuit is assembled, students will have the chance to read the measured values on the instruments and discuss what these values mean in terms of current and voltage in the circuit.

2. Group discussion (5 - 7 minutes): After the practical activity, the teacher should facilitate a group discussion so that students can share their experiences and conclusions. The teacher can ask targeted questions, such as:

   • What happened when you connected the voltmeter in parallel with the light bulb? And when you connected the ammeter in series with the light bulb?
   • How do the values measured on the voltmeter and ammeter relate to the expected current and voltage in the circuit?

   This discussion will help students consolidate their knowledge and better understand how these instruments work.

3. Problem-solving activity (5 - 6 minutes): Finally, the teacher should propose a problem-solving activity where students will have to apply what they have learned to solve problem situations. The teacher can provide some problems for students to solve in groups, or ask students to create their own problems and exchange them with other groups to solve.

   • For example, a problem could be: 'Given a circuit with a 9V battery and a 3-ohm light bulb, how would you use a voltmeter and an ammeter to check if the light bulb is working correctly?'
   • Another problem could be: 'Imagine you have a circuit with several light bulbs connected in parallel. How would you use an ammeter to check the total current of the circuit?'

   This activity will help students consolidate their knowledge and develop their problem-solving skills. The teacher should circulate around the room, assisting groups that encounter difficulties and clarifying doubts.

Feedback (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group discussion (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should facilitate a group discussion for each group to share the solutions or conclusions found in the problem-solving activity. The teacher can ask a representative from each group to share their conclusions with the class, ensuring that each group has the opportunity to speak. During this discussion, the teacher should ask questions that encourage students to explain the reasoning behind their solutions and relate their conclusions to the theoretical concepts discussed in the lesson.

   • For example, the teacher can ask: 'How did you decide where to connect the voltmeter and ammeter in the circuit of the problem? Why was this the correct decision?' or 'How did you use the values measured on the voltmeter and ammeter to check if the circuit was working correctly?'

2. Connection with theory (3 - 5 minutes): After the group discussion, the teacher should review the theoretical concepts discussed in the lesson, connecting them with the practical activities carried out by the students. For example, the teacher can explain how the reading on the voltmeter relates to the voltage in the circuit, and how the reading on the ammeter relates to the current. The teacher can also highlight how the correct use of these instruments can help solve problems in electrical circuits.

3. Individual reflection (2 - 3 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they have learned. The teacher can ask questions such as:

   1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
   2. What questions do you still have about the use of voltmeters and ammeters?

   This individual reflection will help students process the new knowledge and identify any gaps in their understanding. The teacher can ask students to share their answers if they wish, or can collect them to review before the next lesson.

4. Feedback and evaluation (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should provide overall feedback on the students' participation and performance during the lesson. The teacher can praise students' efforts, highlight the strengths of their contributions, and offer suggestions for improvements. The teacher can also briefly assess whether the learning objectives of the lesson were achieved and if students are ready to move on to the next topic.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Summary of contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion of the lesson by summarizing the main points discussed. This includes defining voltmeters and ammeters, their functions in a circuit, and how they are used to measure voltage and current, respectively. The teacher can recall the connections between these instruments and the theoretical concepts of electricity, such as current, voltage, and resistance. Additionally, it is important to highlight the practical skills developed, such as the correct connection and reading of these instruments.

2. Theory-practice connection (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should emphasize how the lesson connected theory and practice. They can explain that by assembling and analyzing a real circuit with voltmeters and ammeters, students were able to see the theoretical concepts in action. Furthermore, the teacher can emphasize how the practical application of these concepts helps consolidate learning and develop problem-solving skills.

3. Extra materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest some extra materials for students to deepen their knowledge on the subject. These materials may include reference books, educational online videos, circuit simulations, among others. For example, the teacher can recommend a video demonstrating the correct use of voltmeters and ammeters in a circuit, or a website with interactive simulations that allow students to experiment with the connection and reading of these instruments.

4. Importance of the subject (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should summarize the importance of the subject presented for students' daily lives. They can explain that even if students do not become electricians or engineers, knowledge about voltmeters and ammeters can be useful in various situations. For example, students can use these instruments to troubleshoot household electronics, to better understand how electricity works, and to make informed decisions about energy use.

5. Lesson closure (1 minute): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should thank the students for their participation, reinforce the importance of the subject presented, and encourage students to continue exploring the topic outside the classroom. The teacher can also briefly inform about the topic of the next lesson and what the learning objectives will be.