Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand Realism in Literature: Students should be able to define and explain the concept of realism in literature, understanding the main characteristics of this literary movement, such as the faithful representation of reality, objectivity, social criticism, and detailed description of characters and settings.

2. Identify Realist Works and Authors: Students should be able to identify works and authors of the realist movement, both in the Brazilian and international context, understanding the importance of these writers and their contributions to literature.

3. Analyze a Realist Text: Students should learn to analyze a realist text, identifying the characteristics of the movement present in the work. They should be able to identify objectivity, detailed description, social criticism, and fidelity to reality in the text.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulate Interest in Literature: In addition to the main objectives, the lesson plan also aims to stimulate students' interest in literature, showing how it can reflect reality and be a tool for social criticism.
• Develop Critical Analysis Skills: During the analysis of realist texts, students will also develop critical analysis skills, which are essential not only for understanding literature but also for interpreting various types of texts.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Contents: Initially, the teacher should provide a brief review of previous literary movements, especially Romanticism, which precedes Realism. The goal is to remind students of the characteristics of Romanticism and how it differs from Realism. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Problem Situations: Present to students two situations involving realist literature:

   • Situation 1: The teacher can present a recent newspaper article addressing a social issue. Then, ask: 'How would a realist writer address this problem in a work of fiction?'

   • Situation 2: The teacher can present a detailed description of a character, asking students to imagine the scene. Then, inquire: 'What details did you notice in the description? How do these details help understand the character and the context in which he lives?' (4 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the Theme: Explain to students that Realism is a literary movement that developed during a period of great social, political, and economic transformations, and that realist writers sought to portray reality objectively and critically. The teacher can mention examples of realist works that have become classics of literature and are still read and studied today. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Capture Students' Attention: To arouse students' interest, the teacher can:

   • Curiosity 1: Tell the story of how Realism emerged as a reaction to Romanticism, which valued subjectivity, feelings, and imagination, while Realism sought to portray reality objectively and critically.

   • Curiosity 2: Present an excerpt from a realist work, such as 'O Cortiço' by Aluísio Azevedo, or 'Madame Bovary' by Gustave Flaubert, and challenge students to identify the realist characteristics present in the text. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Presentation of Theory (7 - 10 minutes)

   • Definition of Realism: The teacher should explain that Realism is a literary movement that emerged in the 19th century, in opposition to Romanticism, and is characterized by the objective and faithful representation of reality, with an emphasis on detailed description of characters, settings, and social aspects.

   • Main Characteristics of Realism: The teacher should present the main characteristics of Realism, such as objectivity, detailed description, social criticism, and fidelity to reality. It should be emphasized that, unlike romantics, who valued feelings and imagination, realists sought to portray reality in a raw and objective way.

   • Realism in Brazil and Worldwide: The teacher should contextualize Realism, explaining that it developed during a period of great social, political, and economic transformations, and that, therefore, realist writers sought to portray reality critically. The importance of realist authors, such as Machado de Assis in Brazil and Gustave Flaubert in France, should be highlighted.

2. Practical Activities (13 - 15 minutes)

   • Reading and Analysis of Realist Texts: The teacher should ask students to read an excerpt from a realist work, such as 'O Cortiço' by Aluísio Azevedo, or 'Madame Bovary' by Gustave Flaubert. After reading, students should identify the realist characteristics present in the text, such as objectivity, detailed description, social criticism, and fidelity to reality. The teacher should guide the discussion, asking questions that encourage students to think critically about the text.

   • Production of a Realist Text: The teacher should propose that students produce a short realist text, following the characteristics of the movement. Students can choose a socially relevant theme and describe it objectively and in detail. The teacher should guide students during the text production, providing suggestions and correcting possible errors.

   • Group Discussion: After producing the texts, students should organize into groups to discuss the works produced. Each group should choose a text to present to the class, explaining how the characteristics of Realism were applied in the work.

3. Theory Review (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Review of Realism Characteristics: To conclude the Development stage, the teacher should review the main characteristics of Realism, reinforcing the importance of each in realist literature. For example, the teacher may ask students to remember a passage from the work they read that exemplifies each of the characteristics.

   • Review of Realist Authors: The teacher should review the main authors of Realism, both in Brazil and worldwide, highlighting their contributions to literature and the importance of their works in the realist movement.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Connection with Practice (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should ask students to share the realist works they produced in groups. Each group will have up to 2 minutes to present their work, explaining the chosen theme, the Realism characteristics present in the text, and the reflections they intend to evoke in readers.

   • After the presentations, the teacher should promote a class discussion, encouraging students to ask questions and provide constructive suggestions for the works presented. The goal is for students to learn to analyze and criticize literary productions constructively, thus developing their reading and writing skills.

   • The teacher should emphasize that literature, in addition to being a form of artistic expression, is also a powerful tool for communication and social criticism. The realist works produced by students can be a way to express their perceptions and reflections on the reality that surrounds them.

2. Reflection on Learning (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. To do this, the teacher can ask the following questions:

     1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
     2. What questions have not been answered yet?

   • Students will have a minute to think about the questions and then will be invited to share their answers with the class. The goal is for students to become aware of what they have learned and what they still need to learn.

3. Feedback and Evaluation (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should ask students to provide feedback on the lesson, stating what they liked and what they think could be improved. The teacher should take note of students' suggestions and consider them when planning future lessons.

   • The teacher should conduct a brief assessment of students' learning, asking them if they were able to achieve the lesson objectives. Students should respond orally, without the need for tests or assignments.

   • The teacher should emphasize that learning assessment is not a form of punishment or reward, but a tool to help identify the strengths and weaknesses of the teaching-learning process, and to guide the planning of future lessons. The teacher should emphasize that the most important thing is students' effort and dedication, and that everyone has the ability to learn and improve.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should provide a brief summary of the main points covered in the lesson, recalling the definition and characteristics of Realism in literature, the importance of realist authors in Brazil and worldwide, and the practical activities of reading and producing realist texts.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should emphasize how the lesson connected theory, through the explanation of Realism concepts and characteristics, with practice, through the activities of reading and analyzing realist texts and producing texts in the same style.
   • The teacher should reinforce that literature is a form of artistic expression and communication, and that understanding different literary movements, such as Realism, helps to better understand and appreciate literary works.

3. Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest additional materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of Realism in literature. These materials may include other realist texts, biographies of realist authors, critical analyses of realist works, and videos or documentaries about the realist movement.
   • For example, the teacher may recommend reading 'Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas' by Machado de Assis, or 'O Primo Basílio' by Eça de Queirós, two classics of Realism, and suggest that students compare these works with those read and analyzed in the lesson.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of Realism in literature, explaining that this movement revolutionized the way of writing and reading, by bringing objectivity, social criticism, and fidelity to reality to literary works.
   • The teacher should stress that Realism is not just a subject for the classroom, but a way to understand and question the world around us. By reading and analyzing realist works, students can learn to observe and reflect on reality in a more critical and attentive way.