Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understanding the Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Students should be able to recognize and describe the properties and characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons, including the presence of the benzene ring and the identification of pi bonds.

2. Identification of the Main Functions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Students should be able to identify and differentiate the main functional groups found in aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene and its derivatives.

3. Application of Knowledge in Practical Problems: Students should be able to apply the acquired knowledge to solve practical problems related to aromatic hydrocarbons, such as nomenclature and compound classification.

   Secondary Objectives:

   • Development of Critical Thinking: In addition to acquiring knowledge about aromatic hydrocarbons, students should develop the ability to think critically about the characteristics and functions of these compounds, as well as their applications in everyday life and industry.

   • Promoting Autonomous Learning: The lesson plan should encourage students to seek knowledge beyond the classroom through additional readings and research on the topic.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher starts the lesson by briefly reviewing the concepts of hydrocarbons, chemical bonds, and the study of organic functions. This review is essential to ensure that students have the necessary prior knowledge to understand the new content that will be presented. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem Situations: The teacher proposes two problem situations to arouse students' curiosity and introduce the topic of the lesson.

   • First Situation: "Why are peppers spicy? And why is the smell of a rose so pleasant?"
   • Second Situation: "You must have heard of benzene, right? But did you know that there are other chemical compounds that have similar characteristics? What would these compounds be and why are they so important for the industry and our daily lives?" (5 - 7 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the Theme: The teacher explains that aromatic hydrocarbons are chemical compounds very present in our daily lives, being used in various products, from medicines to plastics. Moreover, they are essential for life, as many aromatic compounds are found in foods and perfumes. Therefore, the study of these compounds is extremely important to better understand the world around us. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic: The teacher introduces the topic of the lesson, explaining that aromatic hydrocarbons are a special class of hydrocarbons that have a benzene ring, giving them unique characteristics. In addition, the lesson's Objectives and the importance of the theme for the study of Chemistry are addressed. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory on Aromatic Hydrocarbons (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher starts the theoretical part of the lesson, explaining that aromatic hydrocarbons are a special class of organic compounds that have one or more benzene rings in their structure. They are flat, highly unsaturated compounds, with conjugated pi bonds that give them stability and characteristic reactivity.

   • Definition and Characteristics (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher defines what aromatic hydrocarbons are, highlighting the presence of the benzene ring and the conjugated pi bonds. Explains that, due to this electronic configuration, aromatic compounds have greater stability and reactivity compared to aliphatic compounds.

   • Nomenclature of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (4 - 5 minutes): The teacher explains the nomenclature of aromatic hydrocarbons, focusing on the importance of identifying the position of substituents on the benzene ring. Provides examples with some compounds, such as toluene (methylbenzene), anisole (methoxybenzene), and phenol (hydroxybenzene).

   • Physical Properties and Chemical Reactions (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher highlights some physical properties of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as boiling point and solubility. In addition, presents the main chemical reactions that aromatic hydrocarbons can undergo, such as electrophilic substitution.

2. Main Functions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher explains that aromatic hydrocarbons can give rise to various functional groups, depending on the substituents present on the benzene ring.

   • Functional Groups Derived from Benzene (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher presents the main functional groups that can be derived from benzene, such as aryl halides, phenol alcohols, and ethers. Explains the characteristics and applications of these functional groups.

   • Functional Groups Derived from Monosubstituted Benzenes (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher explains that when only one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the compound is called monosubstituted benzene. Presents some examples, such as toluene, anisole, and phenol, and discusses their characteristics and applications.

3. Examples and Applications (5 - 6 minutes): The teacher presents some examples of aromatic hydrocarbons and their applications, both in the industry and in everyday life.

   • Examples in the Industry (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher presents examples of aromatic compounds used in the industry, such as benzene (raw material for the production of plastics and rubbers) and toluene (solvent used in the manufacture of paints and varnishes).

   • Examples in Everyday Life (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher presents examples of aromatic compounds found in our daily lives, such as phenol (antiseptic used in hospitals) and acetanilide (analgesic used in medications).

Throughout all explanations, the teacher should always encourage student participation, asking questions to verify understanding and stimulating discussion on the topic.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Concepts (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should start the Return phase by reviewing the concepts and content covered in the lesson, ensuring that all students have understood the material. This can be done in different ways:

   • Recapping the main points of the lesson, such as the definition of aromatic hydrocarbons, their properties and nomenclature, and the main functional groups derived from benzene.
   • Reinforcing practical examples and applications of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as the presence of these compounds in everyday products and in the industry.
   • Answering any questions or doubts students may have.

2. Connection with the Real World (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should then emphasize the relevance of the concepts learned, connecting them with real-world situations. This can be done in various ways:

   • Relating aromatic hydrocarbons to the problem situations proposed at the beginning of the lesson, explaining, for example, that the spiciness of peppers and the smell of roses are caused by aromatic compounds.
   • Discussing the importance of aromatic hydrocarbons for the industry, explaining that they are used in the production of a wide range of products, from plastics and rubbers to medications and perfumes.
   • Showing how knowledge about aromatic hydrocarbons can be applied in real situations, such as in the identification of chemical substances in laboratory analyses.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. This can be done by asking them to mentally answer questions such as:

   • What was the most important concept I learned today?
   • What questions do I still have about aromatic hydrocarbons?
   • How can I apply what I learned today in everyday situations or in other studies?

   This reflection will help students consolidate what they have learned and identify any areas where they may need further study or clarification.

4. Teacher Feedback (2 - 3 minutes): After individual reflection, the teacher can provide feedback to students, highlighting strengths and areas for improvement. The teacher can also encourage students to continue studying the subject and explore more about aromatic hydrocarbons on their own, reinforcing the importance of autonomous learning.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should give a brief summary of the main contents covered in the lesson, recalling the fundamental concepts about aromatic hydrocarbons, their characteristics, nomenclature, properties, and main functional groups derived from benzene.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should highlight how the lesson provided a theoretical understanding of aromatic hydrocarbons, but also how this theory was applied in practical situations, such as solving the proposed problem situations and analyzing examples of aromatic compounds present in our daily lives and in the industry.

3. Suggestion of Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher can suggest additional reading materials or videos so that students can further deepen their knowledge about aromatic hydrocarbons. Some examples of resources may include textbook chapters, scientific articles, online lesson videos, or interactive animations.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance and applicability of the subject in students' daily lives, explaining that aromatic hydrocarbons are present in a wide variety of products we use and consume daily, from medications and foods to plastics and perfumes. Moreover, knowledge about these compounds is fundamental for various areas of science and industry, including Chemistry, Pharmacy, Medicine, and Materials Engineering.

5. Closure (1 minute): To conclude, the teacher should thank everyone for their participation, reinforce the importance of continuous study, and encourage students to bring their doubts to the next lesson. The teacher can also inform about the topic that will be addressed in the next lesson and arouse students' curiosity about the subject.