Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. General Understanding: The main objective of this stage is for students to acquire a general understanding of the topic 'French Revolution'. They should be able to describe what the French Revolution was, why it occurred, and what its main outcomes were.

2. Context Analysis: In addition, students should be able to analyze the historical context in which the French Revolution took place. This includes understanding the political, social, and economic situation of France before the conflict began.

3. Identification of Key Factors: Students should be able to identify the key factors that led to the Revolution, such as the dissatisfaction of the Third Estate, the influence of Enlightenment ideas, and the financial crisis of the French State.

4. Development of Analytical Skills: Finally, students should be able to develop their analytical skills by evaluating the short and long-term impacts of the French Revolution, both for France and the world.

Secondary Objectives:

1. Communicative Skills: During the learning process, students should also be encouraged to develop their communicative skills. This can be done through classroom discussions, presentations, and essays.

2. Critical Thinking: Critical thinking is an important skill that students should be encouraged to develop. They should be able to evaluate different perspectives on the French Revolution and form their own opinions based on historical evidence.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing the key concepts that were studied in previous classes and that are relevant to understanding the French Revolution. This may include topics such as the Old Regime, Enlightenment, the situation of the Third Estate, among others. The teacher can do this by asking students targeted questions to activate their prior knowledge and prepare them for the new content.

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios: To engage students and contextualize the topic, the teacher can propose two problem-solving scenarios:

   1. 'Imagine you are a peasant in 18th-century France. You have to work hard to pay taxes to the king and the nobility, while they live luxuriously. Additionally, you often go hungry due to poor harvests. How would you feel? What would you do to change this situation?'

   2. 'Suppose you are a bourgeois, a member of the Third Estate, in the same 18th-century France. You are a successful merchant and would like to have more political influence. However, the nobility and clergy have most of the rights and privileges. What would you do to change this?'

3. Contextualization: The teacher should then explain to students the importance of the French Revolution, highlighting that it was a milestone in world history as it abolished the Old Regime and established the principles of modern democracy, such as equality before the law and the separation of powers. Furthermore, the French Revolution had a significant impact on other countries, inspiring independence movements and revolutions around the world.

4. Capturing Students' Attention: To capture students' attention, the teacher can share some curiosities about the French Revolution, such as:

   1. 'Did you know that the guillotine, one of the most famous symbols of the French Revolution, was not invented during the Revolution, but rather a few years earlier as a 'humane' way to execute criminals?'

   2. 'And did you know that the French Revolution resulted in the destruction of many symbols and monuments associated with the monarchy, including the Bastille, an old royal prison that was later replaced by a square called Place de la Bastille?'

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Role-play Activity: The Fall of the Bastille (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Scenario: The teacher should divide the class into groups of 5 to 6 students. Each group will be assigned to represent one of the following roles: the Third Estate, the nobility, the clergy, the peasants, or the soldiers. Each group will receive a set of cards with information about their role and motivations during the fall of the Bastille.

   • Task: Groups should discuss the information on the cards and prepare a brief presentation (3 to 5 minutes) for the rest of the class. In the presentation, they should explain the reasons for their group's actions during the fall of the Bastille.

   • Time: The teacher should allocate 10 to 12 minutes for the preparation of the presentations and 3 to 5 minutes for each group to make their presentation.

   • Objectives: This activity aims to help students understand the different perspectives and motivations of the various social groups during the French Revolution. Additionally, they should be able to relate these perspectives and motivations to specific events of the Revolution, such as the fall of the Bastille.

2. Research Activity: Women in the French Revolution (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Scenario: After the Role-play activity, students should be guided to research the role of women in the French Revolution. They can use their mobile devices or school computers to conduct the research.

   • Task: Students should research about women in the French Revolution, paying attention to important figures such as Olympe de Gouges and the women of the Paris market. They should take note of the main information they find and prepare to share it with the rest of the class.

   • Time: The teacher should allocate 10 to 12 minutes for the research and 3 to 5 minutes for each group to share what they found.

   • Objectives: This activity aims to broaden students' understanding of the French Revolution, showing that it was not just a movement led by men. Additionally, the activity helps develop students' research and presentation skills.

3. Discussion Activity: The Legacy of the French Revolution (5 - 10 minutes)

   • Scenario: After the previous activities, the teacher should guide a classroom discussion on the legacy of the French Revolution. Students should be encouraged to express their opinions and make connections with more recent historical events.

   • Task: Students should discuss questions such as: 'What were the main achievements of the French Revolution?' and 'In what aspects did the French Revolution fail?'. They should also be encouraged to make connections with current events, such as the fight for rights and democracy.

   • Time: The teacher should allocate 5 to 7 minutes for the discussion.

   • Objectives: This activity aims not only to help students consolidate what they have learned about the French Revolution but also to develop their critical thinking and oral expression skills.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Scenario: After the conclusion of the role-play, research, and discussion activities, the teacher should gather the students in a large group for a final discussion. Here, each group will have the opportunity to briefly share the main conclusions or ideas that emerged during their activities.

   • Task: Each group will have a maximum of 3 minutes to share. The teacher should ensure that all groups have the opportunity to speak and that the discussion follows a coherent flow, relating the ideas from different groups.

   • Objectives: This group discussion will allow the teacher to assess what the students have learned and how they were able to apply and connect the concepts of the French Revolution. Additionally, it promotes critical thinking and the oral expression skill of the students.

2. Connection with Theory (3 - 5 minutes)

   • Scenario: After the group discussion, the teacher should connect the practical activities to the theory of the French Revolution. This can be done through a brief explanation of the fundamental concepts and how they were applied in the activities.

   • Task: The teacher should explain, for example, how the fall of the Bastille was a key event in the French Revolution and how the actions of the different groups (Third Estate, nobility, clergy, peasants, and soldiers) related to this event. Additionally, the teacher should discuss how the research activity on women in the Revolution expanded students' understanding of the movement.

   • Objectives: This step aims to help students consolidate what they have learned and see the connection between theory and practice. Additionally, it allows the teacher to reinforce key concepts and correct any misunderstandings.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Scenario: Finally, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. They should think about answers to questions like: 'What was the most important concept you learned today?' and 'What questions have not been answered yet?'.

   • Task: Students will have a minute to reflect silently. After this period, they can share their reflections if they wish.

   • Objectives: Individual reflection helps students process the information they received and identify any areas where they may need further study or clarification. Additionally, it allows the teacher to assess what students found most significant and what questions have not been answered yet.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Content Summary (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the key points covered during the lesson. This includes defining the French Revolution, its main actors and events, and the impact it had on France and the world.

   • It is important for the teacher to make clear connections between the presented theory and the practical activities carried out, reinforcing the main concepts and their relationships.

   • For example, the teacher can recall the role-play activity, highlighting the different perspectives of the involved groups and how these perspectives relate to the historical events of the French Revolution.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Following the content summary, the teacher should emphasize how the lesson managed to connect the theory of the French Revolution with practice through the role-play and research activities.

   • The teacher can discuss, for example, how the role-play activity allowed students not only to learn about the events of the French Revolution but also to experience them and better understand the motivations of the different groups involved.

   • Additionally, the teacher can highlight how the skills and knowledge acquired during the lesson can be applied in other contexts, such as analyzing other historical conflicts or understanding current social movements.

3. Extra Materials Suggestions (1 - 2 minutes)

   • As a complement to the learned content, the teacher can suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of the French Revolution. This may include books, documentaries, history websites, and academic articles.

   • For example, the teacher can suggest reading 'The Age of Revolutions: Europe 1789-1848' by Eric Hobsbawm, or watching the documentary 'The Fall of the Bastille: The French Revolution'.

4. Topic Relevance and Closure (1 - 2 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should reinforce the importance of studying the French Revolution. They can highlight how the French Revolution changed the course of world history, establishing fundamental principles of democracy and human rights.

   • Additionally, the teacher can emphasize how the French Revolution can serve as an example of how social and political changes can occur and how different groups can have different perspectives on these changes.

   • Finally, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and encourage them to continue exploring the topic on their own.