Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Contextualization of Renaissance: The teacher should explain to students the importance of Renaissance, placing it in its historical context. This involves discussing the main characteristics of the period, such as humanism, the appreciation of Greco-Roman culture, secularization, among others.

2. Identification of the main figures of the Renaissance: The teacher should guide students to identify and understand the contributions of the main figures of the Renaissance, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Galileo Galilei, among others. The emphasis should be on understanding the areas in which these figures worked and how their contributions influenced the world to this day.

3. Understanding the changes brought by the Renaissance: The teacher should help students understand how the Renaissance changed the way of thinking and seeing the world. This can be done by analyzing works of art and texts of the time, as well as discussing the scientific and philosophical advances of the period.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop research and critical analysis skills in relation to the content of the Renaissance.
• Encourage active student participation through discussions and debates.
• Foster the understanding that history is a social construction and that different points of view can coexist.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should begin the class with a quick review of the content that was covered in previous classes and that is relevant to understanding the Renaissance. This may include a summary of the characteristics of feudalism, the transition to the Modern Age, the Protestant Reformation, among others. (3-5 minutes)

2. Problem Situations: The teacher should then propose two problem situations that will serve as a hook for the Introduction of the content of the class. The situations can be:

   • How did the change in mentality and the way of seeing the world influence Renaissance art?
   • What were the implications of the new scientific discoveries of the Renaissance for society at the time? (3-5 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain to students the importance of the Renaissance for the formation of the modern world, highlighting how the ideas and innovations of that period influenced different areas of knowledge, such as art, science, philosophy, and politics, among others. A connection can also be made to the present, showing how many of the Renaissance values and ideals are still relevant today. (2-3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic: The teacher should then introduce the topic of the class, the Renaissance, in a way that arouses the interest of students. This can be done by presenting curiosities, such as:

   • During the Renaissance, the idea that the Earth was the center of the universe, a view known as geocentrism, was gradually replaced by the heliocentric view, defended by Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei. This generated a great conflict with the Church, which until then held the monopoly on truth.
   • Leonardo da Vinci, one of the main representatives of the Renaissance, was a true universal genius, having made significant contributions to diverse areas such as painting, sculpture, architecture, engineering, music, mathematics, anatomy, geology, physics, astronomy, philosophy, and literature. (2-3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity "Renaissance in Action" (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Formation of Groups: The teacher should divide the class into small groups of 4 to 5 students. Each group will receive a box with various materials, such as papers, paints, brushes, pens, scissors, glue, etc.
   • Creation of Scenarios: The teacher should then propose that each group create a "Renaissance scenario" inside the box, using the available materials. The scenario can be a recreation of a Renaissance artist's studio, a scientist's laboratory, a humanist's library, etc.
   • Presentation of Scenarios: After the conclusion of the activity, each group should present their scenario to the class, explaining the characteristics of the Renaissance that were represented and how they influenced society at the time.

2. Activity "Renaissance in Focus" (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Selection of Themes: The teacher should propose that each group choose a theme related to the Renaissance to deepen their research. The themes can be the contributions of a specific artist, the changes in world view, the conflicts with the Church, etc.
   • Research and Preparation: Each group should then conduct a quick research on the chosen theme, using books, the internet, etc. They should prepare a brief presentation to share with the class.
   • Presentation of the Themes: Each group should present their theme to the class, sharing the main findings of their research and the reflections they made from them.

3. Activity "Renaissance in Debate" (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Preparation of Arguments: The teacher should propose a debate on the impact of the Renaissance on society at the time and in the present day. Each group should choose a side to defend in the debate (for example, "The Renaissance was a revolution that brought more benefits than harm" versus "The Renaissance was a time of conflict and instability, whose effects are still felt today").
   • Debate: The groups should then present their arguments in the debate. The teacher should mediate the discussion, ensuring that all students have the opportunity to participate and that the debate remains respectful and productive.

These activities aim to stimulate students' research, creativity, teamwork, oral expression, and critical thinking, while allowing for the review and deepening of the content of the Renaissance. In addition, the final debate promotes reflection on the relevance of the Renaissance to the contemporary world.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should promote a group discussion, where each team can share the solutions or conclusions they reached in their activities. Each team will have up to 3 minutes to present, and the other students are encouraged to ask questions or make comments.
   • During the discussion, the teacher should make connections between the teams' presentations and the theoretical concepts discussed in the class, reinforcing students' understanding of the Renaissance.
   • The teacher should also highlight the most interesting or pertinent ideas presented by students, encouraging them to reflect on the application of what they have learned in the real world.

2. Learning Verification (2 - 3 minutes)

   • After the presentations, the teacher should do a brief learning verification, asking students direct questions about the main concepts discussed during the class.
   • The teacher can, for example, ask: "What was the main change brought by the Renaissance in the worldview?" or "What were the main contributions of Leonardo da Vinci to art and science?".
   • This step allows the teacher to quickly assess students' level of understanding and identify any points that may need reinforcement in future classes.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they have learned in the class. They should think about the answers to questions such as:
     1. What was the most important concept I learned today?
     2. What questions have not been answered yet?
   • The teacher should encourage students to write down their reflections, as they can be useful for individual study and to prepare for the next class.

This Feedback stage is crucial, as it allows the teacher to evaluate the effectiveness of the class, verify whether the Learning Objectives were achieved, and identify any areas that may need reinforcement. In addition, by promoting reflection and discussion, the teacher helps students to consolidate what they have learned and to develop a deeper understanding of the topic.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should begin the Conclusion of the class by summarizing the main points discussed. This may include a recapitulation of the characteristics of the Renaissance, the contributions of the main figures, the changes brought by this period, and the reflection on the relevance of the Renaissance for the contemporary world.
   • During the summary, the teacher should reinforce the key concepts, clarify any misunderstandings that may have arisen during the class, and ensure that students have a clear understanding of the content.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Next, the teacher should make the connection between the theory presented and the practical activities carried out by the students. The teacher can explain how the "Renaissance in Action" activity allowed students to visualize and experience some of the characteristics of the Renaissance, while the "Renaissance in Focus" activity and the debate allowed them to deepen their understanding of these characteristics through research and discussion.
   • The teacher should also discuss how what was learned in class can be applied in other situations, whether in other disciplines or in everyday life. For example, the ability to analyze and debate ideas, which was practiced in the debate, is a useful skill in many contexts, from the classroom to the workplace and the public sphere.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute)

   • The teacher should then suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of the Renaissance. This may include books, documentaries, museum websites, and other online resources. For example, the teacher could recommend reading "The Divine Proportion" by Mario Livio, a book that explores the importance of mathematics in Renaissance art and science, or the documentary "The Golden Age of Art and Science," which explores the life and works of Leonardo da Vinci.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the Renaissance for understanding the present world. The teacher can discuss how many of the ideas and innovations of the Renaissance, such as humanism, the appreciation of reason, the emphasis on observation and experimentation, still influence our society and our way of thinking.
   • The teacher can also highlight how understanding the Renaissance can help students become more informed and critical citizens, able to understand and appreciate art and science, and to question and debate the ideas and values of their own time.