Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

The main objectives of this lesson are:

1. Identify and understand the main concepts and ideas of Durkheim, Marx, and Weber, and their importance for social sciences.
2. Analyze the relevance of these authors in the current context, observing how their theories continue to influence modern society.
3. Develop critical thinking skills in the analysis of sociological theories and their applications.

In addition to these main objectives, the secondary objectives include:

• Develop students' research, reading, and interpretation skills of sociological texts.
• Foster active participation of students through class discussions, encouraging them to express their opinions and analyses on the theories studied.

To achieve these objectives, the teacher should:

• Prepare study materials in advance for students, including texts, videos, and podcasts related to the authors and their theories.
• Prepare practical activities for the class, such as group discussions, text analysis, and summarizing or outlining.
• Provide continuous feedback to students, guiding them in understanding the theories and encouraging critical reflection.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Relevant Content (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing concepts already studied that are relevant to the lesson's theme. These concepts may include basic definitions of sociology, the history of sociology, and other important social theorists.

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should introduce two problem-solving scenarios that are relevant to the theories of the authors to be studied. For example, a scenario on social inequality may be presented to discuss Marx's ideas, or a scenario on the effects of modernity on society to discuss Weber's ideas. These scenarios should be designed to spark students' interest and encourage them to think about how sociological theories can be applied to real situations.

3. Contextualization (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then contextualize the importance of studying the classics of sociology. They should explain how the theories of these authors are still relevant today, and how they have helped shape our understanding of modern society. For example, the teacher may discuss how Durkheim's ideas on social cohesion and solidarity are applied in the analysis of current communities and organizations.

4. Introduction to the Topic (3 - 5 minutes): Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic in an engaging way. This can be done by sharing interesting facts or stories about the authors or their theories. For example, the teacher may talk about Marx's life and how his personal experiences influenced his ideas about capitalism and class struggle. Additionally, the teacher may discuss how Weber's ideas on the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism continue to influence our understanding of work ethics in modern society.

These elements of the introduction should help motivate students and prepare them for an in-depth study of the classics of sociology.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

In this stage, students will delve into the studies of the classics of sociology, focusing on the authors Durkheim, Marx, and Weber. This stage will provide an interactive and engaging environment, allowing students to learn through debate, research, and problem-solving.

1. Debate Activity - "The relevance of the classics for current society" (10 - 12 minutes):

   • Divide the class into three groups, each representing one of the theorists - Durkheim, Marx, and Weber.
   • Each group should defend the relevance of their respective theorist's ideas for current society.
   • Students should use the pre-study materials, as well as their own research, to support their arguments.
   • After each group's presentation, open up a space for groups to ask each other questions, encouraging debate and critical reflection.

2. Research Activity - "The life and work of the classics of sociology" (7 - 8 minutes):

   • In this activity, students will continue working in their groups, but now with the goal of researching the life and work of their respective theorist.
   • They should seek information about the historical and personal context in which the theorist was involved, as well as their main works and contributions to sociology.
   • This activity will help students better understand the authors' thinking and how their life experiences influenced their theories.
   • At the end of the research, each group should prepare a brief presentation for the class, summarizing their findings.

3. Practical Activity - "Applying theories in practice" (5 - 7 minutes):

   • Present students with a series of real-life scenarios that represent contemporary social challenges, such as economic inequality, globalization, cultural conflicts, among others.
   • Ask groups to choose one of these scenarios and try to apply the theories of their theorist to understand and analyze the problem.
   • This activity will allow students to see how sociological theories can be applied in practice, helping them develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

This development will enable students to have a deep understanding of the main themes and theorists of sociology, through interactive and engaging activities. Additionally, they will be able to develop essential skills such as research, debate, presentation, and practical application of theories.

Feedback (10 - 15 minutes)

This stage is crucial to consolidate students' learning, allow them to apply their new skills and knowledge, and provide valuable feedback to the teacher to assess the effectiveness of the lesson.

1. Group Discussion (3 - 5 minutes):

   • The teacher should gather all students and allow each group to share the solutions or conclusions they found during the practical activity.
   • This discussion will allow students to see different perspectives and applications of the discussed theories.
   • The teacher should guide the discussion, ensuring that all ideas are heard and that students stay focused on the topic.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes):

   • Following the discussion, the teacher should highlight the main connections between the activities carried out and the theories studied.
   • This could involve identifying specific examples of how the ideas of Durkheim, Marx, and Weber were applied during the activities.
   • This part of the feedback is crucial to ensure that students understand how practice and theory are interconnected.

3. Individual Reflection (3 - 4 minutes):

   • After the group discussion and connection with theory, the teacher should provide a moment for individual reflection.
   • Students should reflect on questions such as: "What was the most important concept learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?"
   • This reflection moment offers students the opportunity to consolidate their own learning and identify any areas where they may still have doubts or difficulties.

4. Feedback and Closure (2 - 3 minutes):

   • Finally, the teacher should ask for feedback from students about the lesson. This can be done through a quick satisfaction survey or simply by asking students to share their thoughts and feelings about the lesson.
   • The teacher should then conclude the lesson, summarizing the main learning points and thanking the students for their participation.

Throughout the feedback, the teacher should ensure that students feel comfortable expressing their opinions and asking questions. This is a crucial moment for students to reflect on their learning, and for the teacher to assess the effectiveness of the lesson and make any necessary adjustments for future lessons.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should recap the main points covered during the lesson, recalling the central ideas of each theorist (Durkheim, Marx, and Weber) and their main contributions to Sociology.
   • This is the moment to ensure that all students have understood the fundamental ideas presented and clarify any doubts or confusions that may have arisen.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should reinforce how the practical activities carried out during the lesson connect with the discussed theories.
   • It is important to highlight how the application of the theories of the classics of sociology can be seen and understood in real-world situations.
   • The teacher can use specific examples from the activities carried out to illustrate these connections.

3. Suggestions for Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes):

   • To encourage autonomous study and deepen students' knowledge on the subject, the teacher can suggest additional materials for reading or viewing.
   • These materials may include books, articles, documentaries, online lectures, among others, that delve deeper into the theories of Durkheim, Marx, and Weber and their implications in modern society.

4. Relevance of the Topic to Everyday Life (1 - 2 minutes):

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the acquired knowledge for students' everyday lives.
   • The teacher can cite examples of how the theories of the classics of sociology can be used to analyze and understand everyday situations, such as organizational structures, power relations in society, cultural phenomena, among others.
   • By making this connection, students will be able to perceive the relevance of what they have learned and how Sociology can be a valuable tool to understand the world around them.

The conclusion is a vital part of the lesson, as it solidifies the learned content, makes important connections between theory and practice, and reinforces the relevance of the topic to students' lives. By encouraging continuous study and application of knowledge, the teacher is not only imparting information but also encouraging the formation of critical and active thinkers in society.