Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. To understand the concept of clauses as parts of sentences that provide additional information or functions.
2. To learn how to use clauses to link ideas together and create cohesion within a text.
3. To enhance students' writing skills by incorporating clauses to create more complex and organized sentences.

Secondary Objectives:

1. To improve students' understanding of complex sentence structures.
2. To foster students' ability to express ideas in a clear and structured manner.
3. To promote collaboration and peer learning through group activities.

This stage of the lesson will involve the teacher presenting the objectives to the students and making sure they understand what they will be learning and why it is important. The teacher will also take this opportunity to assess the students' prior knowledge on the topic, which will help in planning the subsequent stages of the lesson.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. The teacher begins by reminding students of the basic sentence structure: subject, predicate, and object. They will also briefly review the different types of sentences (simple, compound, complex) to ensure students have a solid foundation for the new concept.

2. The teacher then presents two problem situations to spark the students' interest and set the stage for the lesson:

   • Problem 1: "Imagine you are writing a story, and you want to describe a character in more detail. How can you do this without making your sentence too long or confusing?"
   • Problem 2: "You are writing an essay on your favorite hobby, and you want to explain why you enjoy it. How can you add more information without starting a new sentence?"

3. The teacher contextualizes the importance of the subject by explaining its real-world applications:

   • Application 1: "In academic writing, using clauses can help you express complex ideas more clearly and concisely."
   • Application 2: "In professional communication, clauses are often used to link related ideas and create a more coherent message."

4. To grab the students' attention, the teacher shares two interesting facts related to the topic:

   • Fact 1: "Did you know that famous authors often use clauses to create suspense or provide additional information in their stories?"
   • Fact 2: "In some languages like German, sentences can be incredibly long because they use a lot of clauses - sometimes several lines long!"

5. The teacher concludes the introduction by stating the objectives of the lesson and assuring students that by the end of the lesson, they will be able to use clauses effectively to improve their writing. The teacher will also encourage students to actively participate in the lesson and ask questions if they don't understand anything.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

Activity 1: Building a Clause Castle (8 - 10 minutes)

1. The teacher begins by dividing the class into small groups, each consisting of 4-5 students.

2. Each group is given a set of colorful cards. On each card, there is either a main clause or a subordinate clause.

3. The teacher then explains that the main clauses represent the 'foundation' of the sentence, while the subordinate clauses are the 'decorations' that add more information.

4. The groups are tasked with building a 'Clause Castle', where they must place the subordinate clauses on top of the main clauses in a way that makes sense.

5. Once the groups have constructed their castles, they present them to the class, explaining why they placed each clause where they did. This allows the teacher to clarify any misunderstandings and reinforce the concept of how clauses work within sentences.

Activity 2: Clause Connectors Puzzle (8 - 10 minutes)

1. The teacher introduces a new activity called "Clause Connectors Puzzle". For this activity, the teacher prepares sets of puzzle pieces with different clauses written on them.

2. Each group is given one set of puzzle pieces and they have to connect the pieces together to form meaningful sentences. The main clause is already given as the starting point of each puzzle, and the rest of the puzzle pieces are different types of subordinate clauses.

3. The teacher will emphasize that the students need to ensure that the clauses they connect make sense and that the sentences they form are grammatically correct.

4. The first group to complete the puzzle correctly wins the round and gets a small prize (e.g., a sticker or a piece of candy).

5. The teacher then collects the puzzle pieces and redistributes them among the groups. The process is repeated until all the groups have had a chance to complete a puzzle.

6. This activity encourages students to think critically about how clauses can be used to create cohesive and complex sentences. It also helps to improve their understanding of sentence structure and grammar in a fun and engaging way.

Activity 3: Create a Cohesive Story (4 - 5 minutes)

1. For the final activity, the teacher asks each group to write a short story using all the clauses they've collected from the previous activities.

2. The teacher will explain that the story should make sense and be cohesive, with the clauses used in a way that links ideas together rather than making the story disjointed.

3. After a set time, each group shares their story with the class. This will not only test their understanding of the lesson but will also foster a sense of creativity and fun in the learning process.

By the end of the development stage, students will have gained practical experience in using clauses to create cohesion in writing. They will have worked collaboratively, enhancing their teamwork and communication skills, and had fun while learning.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. The teacher starts the feedback session by asking each group to share their solutions or conclusions from the group activities. This provides an opportunity for the students to explain their thought process and understanding of the lesson. The teacher can then provide feedback and correct any misconceptions or mistakes that might have arisen.

2. The teacher then facilitates a class discussion by posing questions that help students reflect on their learning experience. Here are some sample questions:

   • "How did the activities help you understand the concept of clauses and cohesion better?"
   • "Can you give an example of how you might use these skills in your everyday life?"
   • "What was the most challenging part of today's lesson? How did you overcome it?"
   • "What questions do you still have about using clauses to create cohesion?"

3. The teacher encourages students to share their thoughts and ideas, promoting a collaborative learning environment. This will help the teacher gauge the overall understanding of the class and identify any areas that might need further clarification or reinforcement in future lessons.

4. To ensure a comprehensive understanding of the lesson, the teacher summarizes the key points and learning objectives. The teacher also provides additional examples of how clauses can be used in different contexts and encourages students to continue practicing their skills in their own writing.

5. The teacher concludes the feedback session by asking students to reflect on the lesson and write down their answers to the following questions in their notebooks:

   • "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
   • "What questions do you still have about using clauses to create cohesion?"

6. The teacher collects these reflections and uses them to assess the students' understanding of the lesson and identify any areas that might need further reinforcement in future lessons.

7. The teacher also assures the students that it's okay to still have questions or doubts about the lesson and encourages them to ask these questions in the next class or during office hours.

By the end of the feedback stage, students will have had an opportunity to reflect on their learning, express their thoughts and ideas, and clarify any remaining questions or doubts. This stage is crucial in consolidating the learning process and ensuring that the students have understood and internalized the concepts taught in the lesson.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. The teacher begins the conclusion by summarizing the main contents of the lesson. They reiterate that clauses are parts of sentences that provide additional information or functions. They remind students that main clauses are the foundation of sentences, while subordinate clauses add more information and can be used to link ideas and create cohesion within a text.

2. The teacher then explains how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. They remind students that the lesson started with a theoretical understanding of what clauses are and how they function within sentences. This was then applied in practice through the various hands-on activities, such as building a 'Clause Castle' and solving the 'Clause Connectors Puzzle'. The teacher emphasizes that these activities allowed students to see firsthand how clauses can be used to create cohesion in writing. The teacher also highlights how the lesson linked these theoretical concepts and practical applications to real-world contexts, such as academic writing and professional communication.

3. The teacher suggests additional materials and resources to help students further their understanding of the topic. These could include:

   • Grammar books or online resources that provide more in-depth explanations and examples of clauses and their usage.
   • Worksheets or online exercises that allow students to practice using clauses in a variety of contexts.
   • Examples of well-written texts, such as essays or short stories, that demonstrate effective use of clauses for cohesion.
   • Online writing communities or forums where students can share their writing and receive feedback on their use of clauses.

4. The teacher concludes the lesson by explaining the importance of the topic for everyday life. They remind students that the ability to use clauses effectively is not just important for academic writing, but also for clear and effective communication in many professional settings. The teacher also emphasizes that the skills learned in this lesson, such as organizing ideas, linking information, and creating cohesion, are fundamental skills for all types of writing and can even enhance their reading comprehension.

5. Finally, the teacher reassures students that mastering the use of clauses takes time and practice, and encourages them to continue applying what they've learned in their own writing. They remind students that they are always available for questions and further clarification, and they look forward to seeing the students' continued progress in future lessons.

By the end of the conclusion, students will have a clear understanding of the main contents of the lesson, how the theoretical concepts were applied in practice, and where they can find additional resources to further their learning. They will also understand the relevance of the topic for their everyday life and feel confident in their ability to use clauses effectively in their writing.