Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of passive voice in English grammar.
2. Learn when and how to use the passive voice in writing and speaking.
3. Identify the differences between active and passive voice sentences.

Secondary Objectives:

1. Encourage active participation and questions to clarify any confusion.
2. Promote the development of critical thinking skills by discussing the reasons behind using passive voice in certain situations.
3. Enhance students' writing and speaking skills by providing examples and exercises to practice using the passive voice correctly.

Introduction (8 - 10 minutes)

1. The teacher starts the lesson by reminding students of the basic concept of the subject and predicates in a sentence. This will serve as a foundation to understand the passive voice. The teacher can use simple examples to explain this concept, such as "The cat (subject) is sleeping (predicate)" or "The dog (subject) is barking (predicate)".

2. The teacher then presents two different scenarios to the students. The first scenario could be a situation where a person does an action, like "John ate the apple." The second scenario could be an event where something happens to an object, like "The apple was eaten (by John)."

3. The teacher emphasizes that in the second scenario, the subject (the apple) is not performing the action (eating), but is receiving the action. This is a clear example of passive voice.

4. To contextualize the importance of the passive voice, the teacher can give real-world examples where the passive voice is commonly used. For instance, in news reports ("The car was stolen."), scientific writing ("The experiment was conducted."), or storytelling ("The treasure was found by the hero.").

5. To grab the students' attention, the teacher can share a fun fact or a story related to the passive voice. For example, the teacher can mention that the passive voice is often used in mystery novels to create suspense, as it can keep the reader guessing about who performed the action.

6. The teacher can then explain that understanding and using the passive voice correctly can greatly enhance their writing and speaking skills.

7. The teacher concludes the introduction by stating the lesson objectives and explaining how the lesson will proceed, ensuring that students are ready to delve deeper into the world of the passive voice.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Defining and Understanding Passive Voice (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher starts by firmly explaining the passive voice, making it clear that it's a grammatical construction that emphasizes the object or receiver of an action rather than the subject. For example, "The ball was kicked by the boy" emphasizes the ball, which is the object of the action, rather than the boy, who performed the action.
   • The teacher draws a simple diagram on the board to illustrate this concept, showing how the subject, verb, and object are arranged in active and passive voice sentences.
   • The teacher presents a few more examples of passive voice sentences, such as "The cake was baked by my mom" or "The house was built by a famous architect." The teacher also provides examples of active voice sentences for comparison.
   • The teacher emphasizes that the passive voice often uses a form of the verb "to be" and the past participle of a verb, but can also use other helping verbs, like "get" or "make".

2. Identifying Passive Voice Sentences (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher then moves on to the topic of identifying passive voice sentences. The teacher provides a clear guideline to the students: if the object of the action is more important than the subject, or if the receiver of the action is not known or not important, then the passive voice might be used.
   • The teacher presents a few more examples on the board, and guides the students to identify the subject, verb, and object in each sentence. The students then decide if the sentence is in active or passive voice.
   • The teacher also explains that sometimes, passive voice sentences don't include the doer of the action. For example, "The window was broken" does not indicate who broke the window. The teacher can use this opportunity to discuss the possible reasons why the doer of the action might be omitted in certain situations.

3. Discussing the Use of Passive Voice (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher then goes on to discuss the use of passive voice in writing and speaking, and when it's appropriate to use it. The teacher explains that the passive voice is often used in scientific and formal writing when the author wants to emphasize the object or receiver of the action.
   • The teacher can draw an example from a science book or a newspaper article to illustrate this point, and discusses why the author might have chosen to use the passive voice in that particular instance.
   • The teacher also emphasizes that while the passive voice is not technically incorrect, it can make writing less clear and concise, so it should be used sparingly. The teacher provides an example of a sentence in both active and passive voice, and asks the students which sentence they find clearer.

4. Practicing with Passive Voice (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher ends the development stage by explaining that practice is key to mastering the use of passive voice. The teacher provides students with a worksheet of sentences, some in active voice and some in passive voice, and asks them to identify which is which.
   • The teacher then asks students to rewrite the passive voice sentences in active voice, and vice versa. The teacher walks around the classroom, providing guidance and answering questions as the students work on the exercise.
   • The teacher also asks a few students to share their answers and explain their reasoning, promoting class discussion and active learning.

By the end of the development stage, students should have a clear understanding of the concept of passive voice, be able to identify it in a sentence, know when to use it in writing and speaking, and have practiced using it in a variety of contexts.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Review and Reflection (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher begins the feedback stage by reviewing the main points of the lesson. This includes defining the passive voice, understanding when and how to use it, and identifying passive voice sentences. The teacher also revisits the discussion on the use of passive voice in writing and speaking, and the importance of clear and concise communication.
   • The teacher then asks the students to reflect on the lesson. The teacher can pose questions such as:
     1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
     2. Can you think of any real-world examples where you might use the passive voice?
     3. Can you explain why it's important to be able to identify and use the passive voice correctly?
   • The teacher encourages the students to share their thoughts and answers, fostering a deeper understanding of the material. The teacher can also use this opportunity to address any remaining questions or confusion.

2. Connection to Real-World Applications (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Next, the teacher discusses the real-world applications of the passive voice. The teacher can mention that the passive voice is commonly used in news reports, scientific writing, and even in everyday speech.
   • The teacher can provide specific examples, such as news headlines ("The suspect was caught by the police"), instructions ("The button should be pressed"), and job descriptions ("The ideal candidate will have a degree in Computer Science").
   • The teacher emphasizes that understanding and using the passive voice correctly can greatly enhance their writing and speaking skills, and can make their communication more effective and persuasive.

3. Additional Practice Suggestions (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher suggests additional ways for the students to practice and reinforce their understanding of the passive voice. This can include:
     1. Encouraging students to read news articles or scientific papers and identify the use of the passive voice.
     2. Assigning a writing task where students have to use the passive voice to describe a process or an event.
     3. Asking students to find examples of passive voice in their favorite books and discuss why the author might have chosen to use it.
     4. Recommending interactive online exercises or games that focus on the use of passive voice.

By the end of the feedback stage, students should have a clear understanding of the passive voice, its uses, and its importance in effective communication. They should also have a plan for further practice and reinforcement of the material.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher concludes the lesson by summarizing the main points of the lesson. This includes the definition of the passive voice, the differences between passive and active voice, and the rules for using the passive voice correctly.
   • The teacher also recaps the importance of being able to identify and use the passive voice in both writing and speaking, and how it can enhance communication skills.
   • The teacher reminds the students of the examples used during the lesson to illustrate the use of passive voice, both in simple sentences and in real-world contexts such as news reports and scientific writing.

2. Connecting Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher then explains how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. The teacher emphasizes that the lesson started with a theoretical understanding of the passive voice, which was then applied in practice exercises.
   • The teacher highlights how the use of real-world examples helped students understand the practical applications of the passive voice, and how the practice exercises helped students apply the theoretical knowledge they acquired.
   • The teacher can also mention that the lesson encouraged students to think critically about the use of the passive voice, and how these critical thinking skills are important not only in English but in other subjects as well.

3. Suggested Materials (1 minute)

   • The teacher concludes the lesson by suggesting additional materials for students who want to further their understanding of the passive voice. This can include:
     1. Grammar textbooks that provide more detailed explanations and exercises on the passive voice.
     2. Online resources such as grammar websites, YouTube videos, and interactive exercises.
     3. Books and novels that use the passive voice creatively, for students to analyze and draw inspiration from.
   • The teacher also reminds the students of the additional practice suggestions provided during the feedback stage, and encourages them to continue practicing and applying what they've learned.

4. Importance for Everyday Life (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Lastly, the teacher briefly explains the importance of the passive voice in everyday life. The teacher can mention that the passive voice is commonly used in various forms of media, from news reports to scientific papers to novels.
   • The teacher can also explain that understanding the use of passive voice can help students become more critical readers and listeners, as they can identify when and why authors and speakers choose to use the passive voice.
   • The teacher emphasizes that being able to use the passive voice correctly can enhance students' writing and speaking skills, and can make their communication more effective and persuasive.