Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Area: Rectangle and Parallelogram

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to clearly establish the learning objectives for the students. By defining the objectives, students will have a clear understanding of what is expected of them to learn and accomplish by the end of the lesson. This will also guide the teacher in conducting the lesson in a structured manner focused on the desired outcomes.

Main Objectives

1. Teach students to calculate the area of a rectangle using the formula S = b x h.

2. Teach students to calculate the area of a parallelogram using the formula S = b x h.

3. Apply the acquired knowledge to solve practical problems involving area calculation, such as calculating the area of a plot of land.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

 Purpose: The purpose of this stage is to spark students' interest and prepare them for learning the content. By presenting the topic in a real and interesting context, students will be able to see the practical relevance of what they will learn, which will motivate them to pay attention and participate actively in the lesson.

Context

 Context: Start the lesson by discussing the importance of geometric shapes in everyday life. Explain that many structures we see around us, such as buildings, parks, and even street layouts, are formed by basic geometric figures, such as rectangles and parallelograms. Use visual examples, such as photos of rectangular plots, sports fields, and even the screen of a computer or cell phone, to contextualize the topic in a practical and visual way for the students.

Curiosities

 Curiosity: Did you know that the mathematical formula for calculating the area of a rectangle was already known to ancient Egyptian mathematicians over 4,000 years ago? And that, even today, this simple formula is fundamental for engineers and architects when planning new buildings and spaces? Knowing how to calculate areas can even help plan the layout of your own room or garden!

Development

Duration: (50 - 60 minutes)

 Purpose: The purpose of this stage is to ensure that students thoroughly understand the concepts of rectangle and parallelogram, as well as the application of the formulas to calculate their areas. By addressing practical examples and solving questions in the classroom, students will be able to apply theoretical knowledge in practical situations, effectively consolidating their learning.

Covered Topics

1.  Definition of Rectangle: Explain that a rectangle is a geometric figure with four sides, where opposite sides are parallel and equal in length. All internal angles are right angles (90 degrees). 2.  Area Formula of Rectangle: Detail the formula for calculating the area of the rectangle (S = b x h), where 'b' represents the base and 'h' represents the height. Provide practical examples, such as calculating the area of a whiteboard in the classroom. 3.  Definition of Parallelogram: Explain that a parallelogram is a geometric figure with four sides, where opposite sides are parallel and equal in length. Unlike rectangles, the internal angles may not be right angles. 4.  Area Formula of Parallelogram: Detail the formula for calculating the area of the parallelogram (S = b x h), where 'b' represents the base and 'h' is the height perpendicular to the base. Use visual examples to illustrate the difference between the base and the height in a parallelogram. 5.  Practical Examples: Present various practical examples and solve them on the board. For example, calculate the area of a rectangular plot and a parallelogram that represents the base of a building.

Classroom Questions

1. What is the area of a rectangle whose base measures 8 meters and height measures 5 meters? 2. A parallelogram has a base of 10 cm and a height of 6 cm. What is the area of this parallelogram? 3. If the area of a rectangle is 24 m² and its base is 6 meters, what is the height of the rectangle?

Questions Discussion

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

 Purpose: The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate students' learning, ensuring that they fully understand how to apply the formulas for calculating the area of rectangles and parallelograms in practical contexts. By discussing responses and engaging students in reflections, the teacher reinforces the relevance of the content and promotes a deeper and more lasting understanding.

Discussion

•  What is the area of a rectangle whose base measures 8 meters and height measures 5 meters?

• To calculate the area, use the formula S = b x h. In this case, S = 8 m x 5 m = 40 m². Therefore, the area of the rectangle is 40 square meters.

•  A parallelogram has a base of 10 cm and a height of 6 cm. What is the area of this parallelogram?

• Use the area formula of the parallelogram, S = b x h. Thus, S = 10 cm x 6 cm = 60 cm². Therefore, the area of the parallelogram is 60 square centimeters.

•  If the area of a rectangle is 24 m² and its base is 6 meters, what is the height of the rectangle?

• To find the height, use the area formula, S = b x h, and solve for h. So, 24 m² = 6 m x h. Dividing both sides by 6 m gives us h = 4 m. Therefore, the height of the rectangle is 4 meters.

Student Engagement

1.  Reflection Question: Why is it important to know how to calculate the area of different geometric figures? 2. 樂 Discussion: How can you apply area calculations in your daily life? Think of situations like planning a garden, buying carpet for a room, or decorating a space. 3.  Application Question: If you have a plot of land that needs to be fenced, how can area calculation help determine the amount of material needed? 4.  Critical Reflection: In what other professions, besides engineering and architecture, can knowledge of area calculations be essential?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate students' learning, recapping the main points covered and strengthening the connection between theory and practice. By concluding the lesson with a well-structured summary, the teacher ensures that students leave the lesson with a clear and lasting understanding of the content presented.

Summary

• Definition of rectangle and the formula for calculating its area (S = b x h).
• Definition of parallelogram and the formula for calculating its area (S = b x h).
• Practical application of the formulas to solve area calculation problems.
• Practical examples of area calculation in different contexts, such as plots of land and constructions.

The lesson connected theory with practice by using visual examples and solving real problems, such as calculating the area of plots of land and constructions. This allowed students to see the direct application of mathematical formulas in everyday situations and understand the importance of knowing how to calculate areas of geometric figures.

Area calculation is an essential skill for various everyday situations, such as planning the layout of a room, purchasing construction materials, or decorating a space. Moreover, it is a fundamental tool in professions such as engineering, architecture, and interior design. Knowing how to calculate areas aids in making informed and efficient decisions in various practical situations.