Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of the area of a rectangle and a parallelogram. Students should be able to define the area of these figures as the product of the base by the height.

2. Apply the formula for the area of the rectangle and parallelogram in practical situations. Students should be able to solve problems involving the calculation of the area of these figures.

3. Develop logical reasoning and problem-solving skills. By working with the area of rectangles and parallelograms, students will enhance their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Secondary Objectives:

• Recognize the difference between the area of a rectangle and the area of a parallelogram, even if they have the same base and height measurements.

• Perform area calculations efficiently and accurately, demonstrating mastery of the formula and mathematical operations involved.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students about the concept of area and how it is calculated in plane figures. This can be done through a brief quiz or classroom discussion to assess students' prior understanding. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem situations: The teacher can then present two problem situations to pique students' interest:

   • 'Imagine you have a rectangular plot of land that is 10 meters long and 5 meters wide. How could you calculate the area of this plot?'
   • 'What if the plot is not perfectly rectangular, but still a parallelogram? How could you calculate the area in this case?' (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher should then explain the importance of calculating the area of rectangles and parallelograms in everyday situations, such as in space planning, architecture, engineering, among others. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Topic introduction: To introduce the topic in an engaging way, the teacher can:

   • Share fun facts about the rectangle and parallelogram, such as the fact that both are quadrilaterals (four-sided figures), but have different characteristics. (1 - 2 minutes)
   • Present practical examples of rectangles and parallelograms in the real world, such as a computer screen (rectangle) and an open book (parallelogram). (1 - 2 minutes)

With the Introduction, students should be ready to start the lesson, with a solid foundation of the content and an understanding of why it is relevant.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory - Rectangle Area (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should start by explaining that the area of a rectangle is calculated by multiplying the base measurement by the height measurement.

   • Next, they should present the formula for the area of the rectangle: Area = Base x Height.

   • The teacher should then demonstrate how to use the formula to calculate the area of a rectangle, using practical examples.

   • During the explanation, the teacher can use a whiteboard or chalkboard to draw and calculate the area of different rectangles, reinforcing the concept.

2. Practice - Rectangle Area (5 - 7 minutes)

   • After the explanation, the teacher should have students solve some exercises on calculating the area of rectangles.

   • The exercises should vary in difficulty, allowing students to apply the formula in different contexts.

   • The teacher should move around the classroom, assisting students who encounter difficulties and correcting the exercises as they are solved.

3. Theory - Parallelogram Area (5 - 7 minutes)

   • After practicing with rectangles, the teacher should introduce the concept of the area of a parallelogram.

   • They should explain that the formula for calculating the area of a parallelogram is the same as that for a rectangle, i.e., Area = Base x Height.

   • However, the base and height of the parallelogram are not necessarily the perpendicular sides, as in the rectangle.

   • The teacher should draw a parallelogram on the board and explain how to determine the base and height to calculate the area.

4. Practice - Parallelogram Area (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should have students solve exercises on calculating the area of parallelograms.

   • The exercises should be similar to those for rectangles, but with the additional complexity of determining the correct base and height for each parallelogram.

   • The teacher should move around the classroom, assisting students as needed and correcting the exercises.

Throughout the Development, it is important for the teacher to encourage active student participation by asking questions, promoting discussions, and providing constant feedback. Additionally, the teacher should emphasize the application of calculating the area of rectangles and parallelograms in real situations to reinforce the relevance of the content.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should initiate a group discussion where students are encouraged to share their answers and solutions to the problems posed during the lesson.

   • The teacher should ask one or two students to report how they solved the problem situations presented in the Introduction. This will help consolidate the learned content and highlight the practical application of calculating the area of rectangles and parallelograms.

   • The teacher should also ask students to share any difficulties or questions they may still have on the topic. This will allow the teacher to provide additional clarifications, if necessary, and identify areas that may need review in future lessons.

2. Connection to Theory (3 - 5 minutes)

   • The teacher should then review the learned content, reinforcing the main points of the theory and how they apply to practice.

   • They should highlight the formula for the area of the rectangle and parallelogram, and how the base and height are determined in each of these cases.

   • The teacher should also revisit the problem situations presented in the Introduction, demonstrating how the theory was applied to reach the solution.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they have learned.

   • They can do this by asking questions such as: 'What was the most important concept you learned today?' and 'What questions have not been answered for you yet?'.

   • The teacher should give students a minute to think and then ask some to share their answers. This will allow the teacher to assess the students' level of understanding and identify any knowledge gaps that may need additional attention in future lessons.

By the end of the Return, students should have a solid understanding of calculating the area of rectangles and parallelograms, and how to apply this skill in practical situations. They should also feel comfortable expressing any questions or concerns they may have, ensuring that their learning is effective and meaningful.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Content Summary (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the main points of the lesson, reiterating the concepts of the area of rectangles and parallelograms, and the formula for calculating this area (Area = Base x Height).

   • They should recall the differences between the base and height in the rectangle and parallelogram, emphasizing that, although the formula is the same, the way to determine the base and height is different for each figure.

2. Theory and Practice Connection (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should then highlight how the lesson connected theory (the definition and calculation of the area of rectangles and parallelograms) with practice (problem-solving and exercises).

   • For example, they can mention how the area formula and understanding of base and height allowed students to calculate the area of rectangles and parallelograms in different contexts.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest extra materials for students who want to deepen their understanding of the topic.

   • They can recommend math books, educational videos online, math practice websites, among other resources.

   • For instance, the teacher can suggest that students watch a video visualizing the formula for the area of rectangles and parallelograms, or solve more area calculation exercises on their own.

4. Topic Relevance (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of calculating the area of rectangles and parallelograms in everyday life and in various professional fields.

   • They can mention, for example, how the ability to calculate areas is essential in fields such as architecture, engineering, interior design, among others.

   • The teacher should also stress that, in addition to practical application, understanding the area of rectangles and parallelograms helps develop logical reasoning and problem-solving skills, which are valuable in many aspects of life.

With the Conclusion, students should have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the lesson topic, including the concept understanding, practical application, theory-practice connection, relevance, and resources for additional learning. This will help consolidate the acquired knowledge and prepare students for the next lesson or study topic.