Lesson plan of Physical Exercise and Physical Activity

Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the concept of physical exercise and physical activity: The teacher should ensure that students understand the essential difference between physical exercise and physical activity. Students need to understand that physical exercise is a planned, repetitive, and structured activity to improve or maintain physical fitness, while physical activity is any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure.

2. Identification of examples of physical exercise and physical activity: Students should be able to distinguish between examples of physical exercise and physical activity. This could include activities such as sports, games, walking, dancing, playing, and doing household chores. The goal is for students to be able to clearly identify which activities fall into each category.

3. Understanding the benefits of physical exercise and physical activity: Students should be able to understand and explain the health and wellness benefits of physical exercise and physical activity. This includes understanding how exercise can improve cardiovascular health, muscular strength, flexibility, and mood, as well as reduce the risk of various chronic diseases.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulate classroom discussion: The teacher should encourage students to share their own experiences with exercise and physical activities and to discuss the benefits that they perceive or hope to gain from these practices. This can help to make the content more relevant and meaningful to students.

• Promote critical thinking: The teacher should encourage students to think critically about how different factors, such as age, current fitness level, and individual goals, can influence the choice and benefit of different types of exercise and physical activity.

• Foster awareness of the importance of physical activity for health: In addition to understanding the theoretical concepts, it is important for students to recognize the importance of incorporating physical activity into their daily lives for the maintenance of health and well-being.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous concepts: The teacher should begin the lesson by reviewing the concepts of physical activity and health that were discussed in previous lessons. It is important for students to understand that physical activity is essential for maintaining health and well-being, and that a lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of various chronic diseases.

2. Problem situations: The teacher could pose two problem situations to prompt students' critical thinking. The first could be: "If a person spends most of their day on their feet, working in a factory, are they performing physical exercise or physical activity?" The second could be: "If a person plays soccer once a week just for fun, are they performing physical exercise or physical activity?" The goal of these situations is to get students to begin thinking about the difference between physical exercise and physical activity.

3. Contextualization of the importance of the subject: The teacher should then contextualize the importance of the subject, highlighting how understanding these concepts can influence students' own choices of physical activities and, consequently, their long-term health and well-being. The teacher could mention statistics on the prevalence of chronic diseases related to lack of physical activity and emphasize how regular exercise can help prevent these diseases.

4. Introduction of the topic with curiosities and stories: To capture students' attention, the teacher could share some curiosities about the topic. For example, they could mention that the modern concept of "exercise" as a planned and structured activity to improve health is relatively new in human history, and that most people in the past got most of their physical activity through daily tasks such as hunting, gathering food, and building shelter. The teacher could also tell stories of individuals who transformed their lives and health through regular exercise, or of communities that implemented physical activity programs to improve the health of their members.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Definition and explanation of the concepts (8 - 10 minutes):

   1.1. Physical exercise: The teacher should begin by explaining that the term "physical exercise" refers to a planned, structured, and repetitive activity that aims to improve or maintain physical fitness. It should be emphasized that physical exercise is intentional and done with a specific goal in mind.

   1.2. Physical activity: Next, the teacher should explain that "physical activity" is any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure. Unlike physical exercise, physical activity does not need to be planned or structured, and can include everyday activities such as walking to school, climbing stairs, playing, etc.

   1.3. Differences and similarities: The teacher should highlight the differences between the two concepts, reinforcing that physical exercise is a subcategory of physical activity, and that all physical activities performed in a planned and structured way can be considered physical exercise.

2. Practical examples (7 - 10 minutes):

   2.1. Examples of physical exercise: The teacher should provide examples of physical exercise, such as running, swimming, lifting weights, doing yoga, etc. It is important for students to understand that these activities are done with a specific purpose of improving physical fitness.

   2.2. Examples of physical activity: Next, the teacher should provide examples of physical activities that are not necessarily physical exercise, such as biking to school, playing tag, helping with household chores, etc. The goal is for students to realize that physical activity is present in a variety of everyday activities.

   2.3. Discussion and analysis: After presenting the examples, the teacher should encourage students to discuss and analyze whether they agree with the classification of each activity as physical exercise or physical activity. This can help to clarify any doubts and deepen students' understanding of the topic.

3. Benefits of physical exercise and physical activity (5 - 7 minutes):

   3.1. Explanation of the benefits: The teacher should explain that both physical exercise and physical activity have various benefits for health and well-being. These include improving cardiovascular health, strengthening muscles and bones, increasing flexibility, improving mood and sleep, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, among others.

   3.2. Discussion of the benefits: After the explanation, the teacher should encourage students to discuss the benefits that they perceive or hope to gain from their own practices of exercise and physical activity. This can help to make the content more relevant and meaningful to students.

4. Practical exercises (3 - 5 minutes):

   4.1. Classification activity: To consolidate students' understanding, the teacher could propose a classification activity, where students have to classify a list of activities as either physical exercise or physical activity, and justify their answers. This can be done individually or in small groups, and the answers can be discussed as a class.

   4.2. Final reflection: The teacher should then ask students to reflect on what they have learned in the lesson and to share any doubts or points of confusion that they may still have. This can help to identify any gaps in students' understanding that may need additional clarification in future lessons.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group discussion (3 - 5 minutes): 1.1. The teacher should promote a group discussion, where students are encouraged to share their answers and conclusions from the classification activity. 1.2. The teacher should encourage students to explain the reasoning behind their answers, allowing other students to question and debate the classifications made. 1.3. During the discussion, the teacher should ensure that all students have the opportunity to participate, listening attentively to their contributions and asking questions to stimulate critical thinking.

2. Connection with theory (2 - 3 minutes): 2.1. After the discussion, the teacher should make the connection between the practical activities carried out and the theoretical concepts presented at the beginning of the lesson. 2.2. The teacher should reinforce that although physical exercise and physical activity are distinct, both are important for health and well-being, and that the choice of which type of activity to perform depends on each person's individual goals and preferences.

3. Individual reflection (2 - 3 minutes): 3.1. The teacher should then propose that students dedicate a moment to individual reflection. They should think about the following questions: 1. "What was the most important concept you learned today?" 2. "What questions still remain unanswered?" 3.2. Students should be encouraged to write down their answers, as this can be useful for reviewing and consolidating what they have learned. The unanswered questions can also serve as a guide for preparing future lessons.

4. Feedback and closure (1 minute): 4.1. To conclude the lesson, the teacher should thank students for their participation, highlight the key points of the lesson, and announce the topic of the next lesson. 4.2. The teacher could also take this moment to ask for feedback from students on the lesson, asking what they liked most and what they would like to see approached differently in future lessons. This can help to improve the quality of instruction and make lessons more engaging and relevant to students.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of the main points (2 - 3 minutes): 1.1. The teacher should reiterate the difference between physical exercise and physical activity, highlighting that the former is a planned, structured, and repetitive activity with the goal of improving or maintaining physical fitness, while the latter refers to any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure. 1.2. The health and wellness benefits of physical exercise and physical activity should be reinforced, including improving cardiovascular health, muscular strength, flexibility, mood, sleep, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. 1.3. The examples discussed in class should be reviewed, reinforcing the idea that not all physical activities are physical exercise, but all physical activities have health benefits.

2. Connection between theory, practice, and applications (1 - 2 minutes): 2.1. The teacher should highlight how the lesson connected the theoretical concepts of physical exercise and physical activity with the practice of classifying the activities presented. 2.2. It should be reinforced that understanding these concepts can help students make informed choices about the physical activities they engage in and understand the benefits they can expect to gain from these practices.

3. Extra materials (1 minute): 3.1. To further students' knowledge on the topic, the teacher could suggest some extra resources, such as articles, videos, documentaries, or reliable websites that provide more information on the lesson topic. 3.2. The teacher could also suggest that students conduct independent research on the topic, looking for examples of physical exercises and physical activities that are popular and beneficial for different age groups, fitness levels, and health goals.

4. Relevance of the topic (1 - 2 minutes): 4.1. Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the topic for students' daily lives. 4.2. It should be highlighted that understanding these concepts can help students plan their own exercise and physical activity routines, better understand the benefits they can gain from their practices, and make more informed decisions about their own health and well-being.