Objectives (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of technology and its evolution throughout history.

   • Students should be able to define technology and describe how it has developed over time, from the invention of the wheel to modern advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics.

2. Analyze the impact of thermal machines, electricity, and computers on society.

   • Students should be able to identify the main contributions of these technologies to the development of human society, as well as the challenges and implications that arose with their implementation.

3. Evaluate the influence of technology on everyday life and the way we live today.

   • Students should be able to discuss how technology influences the way we live, work, and communicate today, considering its positive and negative aspects.

Secondary objectives:

1. Develop critical thinking and analytical skills.

   • Students will be encouraged to analyze and discuss the evolution of technology and its impact on society, stimulating the development of critical and analytical thinking.

2. Strengthen research and new knowledge exploration skills.

   • Students will be guided to conduct research on different technologies and their impact, allowing them to become familiar with the research process and discover new knowledge on their own.

3. Encourage participation and engagement in class discussions.

   • Students will be motivated to share their opinions and perspectives, fostering active participation and engagement in classroom discussions.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content:

   • The teacher should briefly review the concepts of Science and Technology, highlighting the difference between them and the importance of both in society. This is an essential step to ensure that all students have a solid foundation to understand the theme of the lesson.

2. Problem situations:

   • Situation 1: The teacher should ask students to imagine what the world would be like without the invention of electricity. What would daily life, work, and communication be like?
   • Situation 2: Then, the teacher could ask what it would be like if thermal machines, such as the steam engine, had never been invented. How would this have affected the Industrial Revolution and the development of cities?

3. Contextualization:

   • The teacher should explain that technology is not only an important part of our daily lives, but also plays a crucial role in shaping our society and culture. He should provide examples of how technology has shaped human history, from the invention of fire and the wheel to modern advancements in energy, medicine, and computing.

4. Introduction to the topic:

   • To capture students' attention, the teacher could start with some interesting facts about the history of technology. For example, he could mention that the first electric light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879, over 140 years ago, but that electricity only became common in American homes in the 1930s.
   • He could also talk about the ENIAC, the first large-scale electronic digital computer, which was built in 1946 and weighed over 27 tons. Comparing this to modern smartphones, which are millions of times more powerful and fit in your pocket, can help students appreciate how rapidly technology is advancing.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Group Research Activity: "The Time Machine" (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Divide the class into small groups of 3-4 students each. Each group will be assigned a different historical period (e.g., the Industrial Revolution, the Petroleum Era, the Information Age).
   • The goal of each group will be to research how technology changed people's lives in that specific era, focusing on three areas: transportation, communication, and work.
   • Students can use their smartphones or tablets to research online, or they can use books and other resources available in the classroom or school library.
   • After they have completed their research, each group should prepare a short presentation to share their findings with the rest of the class.

2. Hands-on Activity: "Building a Timeline" (5 - 10 minutes)

   • Based on the presentations of each group, the class will build a collective timeline on the blackboard or a large piece of paper.
   • Each group will be responsible for adding the most significant events of their era to the timeline, including the invention or introduction of important technologies and how they affected society.
   • The teacher should guide and supervise the activity, helping students identify connections between different eras and understand how technology has evolved over time.

3. Group Discussion Activity: "Technology Today and Tomorrow" (5 - 10 minutes)

   • After the timeline is complete, lead a class discussion on how technology is influencing our lives today and how it may change our future.
   • Ask students to share their opinions on which current technological advancements they find most interesting or important, and what kind of impact they expect these technologies to have on our lives in the future.
   • Encourage students to consider both the positive and negative aspects of technology, and to reflect on how we can use technology responsibly to create a better future.

These activities give students the opportunity to explore the history of technology in an interactive and engaging way, developing their research, collaboration, and critical thinking skills. In addition, they help to contextualize the lesson's theme and connect the learning to the students' own life experience.

Feedback (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: "Reflections and Conclusions" (3 - 5 minutes)

   • The teacher should gather all students together and promote a group conversation about the solutions or conclusions reached by each team during the activities.
   • Each group should share the main ideas or discoveries from their research and discussions. For example, what did they learn about how technology changed people's lives in the era they studied? Or how do they imagine technology will continue to influence our lives in the future?
   • The teacher should facilitate the discussion, encouraging students to ask questions, share their opinions, and reflect on what they have learned.

2. Learning Check: "Connecting Practice and Theory" (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should do a brief review of the main concepts covered in the lesson and ask students to explain how the group activities connect to those concepts.
   • For example, how did the "Time Machine" activity help them understand the evolution of technology throughout history? Or how does the discussion on "Technology Today and Tomorrow" relate to the impact of technology on society?
   • The goal is to ensure that students have understood the theoretical concepts of the lesson and can apply them in practical contexts.

3. Individual Reflection: "What did I learn today?" (1 - 2 minutes)

   • To close the lesson, the teacher should ask students to reflect for a minute on what they have learned. They can write down their answers on a piece of paper or share them verbally.
   • Some questions to guide the reflection could include: What was the most important concept I learned today? What questions are still unanswered? What would I like to learn more about this topic?
   • This activity helps students to consolidate their learning and to identify areas where they may need further study or clarification.

4. Closing the Lesson (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and encourage them to continue exploring the topic on their own. He can suggest some additional resources for study, such as books, websites, or documentaries on the history of technology.
   • The teacher should remind students about any homework or readings they need to complete before the next class, and confirm the date and time of the next class.

This feedback stage is essential for consolidating students' learning, checking their understanding of the concepts, and stimulating continued reflection on the topic. It also allows the teacher to assess the effectiveness of the lesson and make adjustments for future lessons, if necessary.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Summary (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should do a brief summary of the main points covered in the lesson, recapitulating the definition of technology, its historical evolution, and the impact of thermal machines, electricity, and computers on society.
   • In addition, the teacher should highlight the main conclusions drawn from the discussions and group activities, focusing on the key concepts that students should have learned.

2. Connection between theory, practice, and applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should explain how the activities carried out in the lesson, from the group research to the construction of the timeline and the discussions, helped to connect theory with the practice and real applications of technology.
   • He should emphasize how understanding the history of technology can help us to better understand the current world and predict possible future directions of technological innovation.

3. Extra materials for study (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest additional materials for students who wish to delve deeper into the topic. This may include books, documentaries, websites, podcasts, or science and technology museums.
   • He may also indicate related topics for study, such as the history of specific inventions (e.g., the telephone, the automobile, the computer), the biography of famous inventors, or the ethical and social impact of technology.

4. Relevance of the topic to everyday life (1 - 2 minutes)

   • To close, the teacher should highlight the relevance of the lesson's topic to the students' daily lives.
   • He can give examples of how the technology we use every day - from smartphones and the Internet to cars and home appliances - is the result of centuries of scientific and technological progress.
   • In addition, the teacher can emphasize how understanding technology and its history can help us to become more informed consumers, more engaged citizens, and professionals better prepared for the 21st century job market.

The conclusion of the lesson is an opportunity for the teacher to solidify students' learning, reinforce the importance of the topic studied, and stimulate continued curiosity and interest in the subject. This stage also serves to evaluate the effectiveness of the lesson and identify possible areas for improvement in future lessons.