Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Introduce students to the concept of natural phenomena, highlighting that they refer to events that occur in nature without direct human intervention. This includes, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, among others.
2. Develop the ability to identify and classify different natural phenomena in order to understand their characteristics and the effects they can have on nature and society.
3. Stimulate students' critical thinking and scientific curiosity through discussions and questioning about natural phenomena, in order to promote the understanding that these events are an integral part of the Earth's functioning.

Secondary Objectives:

• Promote interaction among students, encouraging group work and the exchange of ideas.
• Stimulate research and autonomous study through digital resources, books, and articles on the topic.
• Develop presentation and argumentation skills through the preparation and conduct of debates and presentations on natural phenomena.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recap of Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing basic concepts of natural sciences that are fundamental to understanding the lesson topic. This may include the definition of science, the scientific method, the importance of observations and experiments, and the interdependence of different components of nature. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Problem-Situation: The teacher can present two problem-situations to arouse students' interest.

   • Situation 1: 'Imagine we are on an island in the ocean and suddenly feel the ground shaking. What could be happening?'
   • Situation 2: 'Suppose we are in a flat region and suddenly see a funnel-shaped cloud forming on the horizon. What could that be and what should we do?' (3 - 4 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of studying natural phenomena, highlighting how they can affect human life and the environment. Examples of recent natural disasters can be mentioned and how knowledge about these phenomena can help predict and mitigate their effects. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Engaging Students' Attention: To make the Introduction more interesting, the teacher can:

   • Share curiosities about natural phenomena, such as the fact that lightning strikes the Earth approximately 100 times per second, or that the largest volcanic eruption ever recorded was the one of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815.
   • Show impressive images or videos of natural phenomena, such as auroras borealis, tornadoes, or the formation of volcanic islands.
   • Tell real stories of people who have experienced natural phenomena, focusing on the scientific aspects and lessons learned. (3 - 4 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity 'Nature News' (10 - 12 minutes): Students will be divided into groups of 4 to 5 people. Each group will receive a fictional problem-situation involving a natural phenomenon. They must imagine they are reporters and need to prepare a news report for a newspaper, explaining the phenomenon and its effects. The problem-situations can be:

   • 'An earthquake of magnitude 7.0 hit a coastal region. Describe what an earthquake is, how it occurs, and the possible effects on the affected region. Also include information on how people can prepare for an earthquake and what to do during and after the event.'
   • 'An unexpected volcanic eruption occurred on an uninhabited island. Write a news report explaining how volcanic eruptions happen, what risks are involved, and if there is any way to predict this type of phenomenon.'

   Students should research and discuss in their groups to prepare the news report. They can use books, articles, reliable websites, and other digital resources. Then, each group must present their news to the class.

2. Activity 'Debate Forum' (10 - 12 minutes): After the presentations, the teacher should conduct a debate with the class about the natural phenomena discussed in the news reports. Students should be encouraged to ask questions, express their opinions, and share what they learned during the research.

   The teacher can start the debate with questions like: 'Do you think earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can be accurately predicted? Why?' or 'What are the main challenges in dealing with natural phenomena, like the ones that were discussed?'

   The objective of this activity is to promote interaction among students, stimulate critical thinking, and deepen the understanding of the topic. The teacher should ensure that all students have the opportunity to participate in the debate.

3. Activity 'Rebuilding Nature' (5 - 6 minutes): To conclude the lesson's Development, students will be invited to build, in miniature, a model of a natural phenomenon. The teacher will provide the necessary materials, such as clay, paper, toothpicks, paints, among others.

   Each group will choose a natural phenomenon to represent, such as an erupting volcano, a tornado, an earthquake, among others. They should research the chosen phenomenon and plan how they will build the model. Then, students will have the necessary time to build and finish the model.

   During the activity, the teacher should move around the room, assisting the groups and asking questions to ensure they are understanding the phenomenon and representing it adequately. At the end, each group will present their model and explain the characteristics of the phenomenon they represented.

Return (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should gather all students and promote a general discussion about the solutions or conclusions found by each group during the activities. Students will be encouraged to share their perceptions, ideas, and challenges faced. The teacher should ensure that all groups have the opportunity to speak and encourage the exchange of opinions among them.

2. Connection with Theory (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should review the theoretical concepts discussed at the beginning of the lesson and relate them to the activities carried out. It should be highlighted how practice helped consolidate the theory and understanding of natural phenomena. The teacher can ask questions like: 'How did the 'Nature News' activity help better understand earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?' or 'How did building the models of natural phenomena contribute to understanding their characteristics and effects?'.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. They will have a minute to think and then will be invited to share their answers to questions like:

   • 'What was the most important concept you learned today?'
   • 'What questions have not been answered yet or that you would like to explore more about natural phenomena?'.

4. Feedback and Closure (2 minutes): The teacher should thank everyone for their participation, value the effort and teamwork of the students, and reinforce the importance of natural phenomena in our daily lives. Students should also be encouraged to continue exploring the topic through readings, research, and observations of nature.

   The teacher can also request feedback from students about the lesson, asking what they liked most and what could be improved. This practice is important for planning future lessons and enhancing students' learning experience.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should review the main points discussed during the lesson, reinforcing the concepts of natural phenomena, their classification, and the effects they can cause. A review of the solutions or conclusions found by students during the activities and debates should also be made.

2. Connecting Theory with Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should highlight how the lesson managed to connect theory, practice, and the application of acquired knowledge. This can be done by emphasizing the importance of research activities, debates, and model construction in understanding natural phenomena. For example, mentioning how the news prepared by students reflected a practical application of theoretical knowledge, or how building the models allowed for a better visualization and understanding of the characteristics and effects of natural phenomena.

3. Additional Materials (1 minute): The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of natural phenomena. This may include books, documentaries, research institute websites, among others. Students should be encouraged to explore these resources in their autonomous studies and share their findings with the class in future lessons.

4. Applications in Everyday Life (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of natural phenomena in everyday life. For example, mentioning how knowledge about these phenomena is essential for predicting and mitigating natural disasters, for exploring natural resources, for understanding climate change, among others. The teacher should emphasize that, in addition to contributing to science, the study of natural phenomena helps us better understand and appreciate the complexity and beauty of the world we live in.